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FRED SODERBERG v. CLIFFORD A. TANEY AND ANOTHER

Minnesota Supreme Court1922-06-16No. No. 22,870
152 Minn. 376

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the judgment in plaintiff's favor, finding that contributory negligence was not conclusively established because the evidence showed plaintiff acted reasonably in approaching and crossing the intersection, while defendant violated statutory duties and engaged in dangerous conduct plaintiff could not foresee.

Plaintiff was driving north on Third Avenue South when defendant, traveling west on Twenty-sixth Street, collided with him at an intersection marked with a warning signal. Plaintiff approached the intersection cautiously at 8-10 miles per hour, looked to his right, and saw defendant's car approximately 100-150 feet away. Plaintiff proceeded to cross the 34-foot-wide street, but defendant continued at about 25 miles per hour without slowing down and attempted to pass another vehicle that had the right of way. Defendant swerved and accelerated as a collision became imminent, causing the vehicles to collide and overturn.

Defendant appealed after a jury verdict favoring plaintiff, arguing that plaintiff was contributorily negligent as a matter of law. The court rejected this argument, finding that defendant violated the state statute requiring drivers to slow down when approaching intersections and that defendant attempted an illegal passing maneuver. The plaintiff could not reasonably be expected to anticipate such flagrant statutory violations. Because defendant's car was far enough away when plaintiff first observed it, the jury properly could conclude that plaintiff had sufficient time to safely cross before defendant reached the intersection.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a driver crossing an intersection with the right of way is contributorily negligent as a matter of law when struck by a vehicle approaching from the right
  • Whether a driver approaching an intersection must anticipate that oncoming vehicles will violate statutory speed and passing requirements
  • Proper jury instructions regarding reasonable assumptions about time and distance at street intersections

Procedural posture

Defendant appealed from a judgment entered on a jury verdict in plaintiff's favor after the trial court denied defendant's motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Lees, C.

On September 2, 1920, at about 12:30 p. m. plaintiff was driving Ms automobile north on Third avenue South in the city of Minneapolis. At the same time defendant was driving an automobile west on Twenty-sixth street, which intersects Third avenue at right angles. There was a standard with a red globe on it in the center of the intersection, placed there to warn drivers that the intersection was a dangerous one. It is in the closely brnlt up residential por tion of the city and there is much travel on both streets. Plaintiff and defendant were equally familiar with the locality. There was a aollision and plaintiff’s car was wrecked. Asserting that the collision was due to the negligence of the defendant, plaintiff brought this action to recover damages. The answer denied negligence and charged plaintiff with contributory negligence. The jury returned a verdict in plaintiff’s favor. Defendant moved for judgment notwithstanding. The motion was denied, judgment was entered upon the verdict, and defendant appealed therefrom.

But one question is presented by the appeal: Was contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff conclusively established? The evidence fairly showed that plaintiff approached the intersection cautiously, almost coming to a stop before entering the danger zone. He looked to his right and saw defendant’s car coming tjoward him on Twenty-sixth street. It was then between 100 and 150 feet away. Coming from the north on Third avenue, he saw a car not far from the intersection.- This car was driven by Charles H. Bennie, who testified as a witness for plaintiff. Driving at a speed of 8 or 10 miles an hour, plaintiff started to cross Twenty-sixth street, which is 34 feet wide measuring from curb to curb. Defendant came up at a speed of about 25 miles an hour, and, without slowing down, entered the danger zone, increasing the speed of his car when plaintiff was close upon him and swerving to the north in an attempt to pass and avert a collision, which was imminent. In this he failed, and the bumper on plaintiff’s car caught the rear left wheel or fender of defendant’s car. As a result, plaintiff’s car was swung around to the west and the two cars overturned near the northwest corner of the intersection, one of them colliding with the Bennie car, which had the right of way there.

A driver approaching a street intersection is required to slow down. Chapter 391, p. 419, Laws 1919. He has the right of way ■over one approaching from his left. Section 22, chapter 119, p. 164, Laws 1917. But the latter is not bound to anticipate that the former will be negligent or that he will violate the statute. 2 Dun-nell, Minn. Dig. § 7022. The evidence is all to the effect that defendant violated the statute in two respects. He did not slow down as he approached the intersection and he attempted to pass in front of the Rennie car, which was as near or nearer to the intersection and had the right of way. Plaintiff could not be expected to foresee conduct of that sort. He was so much nearer than defendant to the intersection that he might reasonably assume he had ample time to cross Twenty-sixth street before defendant got to Third avenue. In Syck v. Duluth St. Ry. Co. 146 Minn. 118, 177 N. W. 974, Mr. Justice Holt said:

“The law of the road is not unyielding. It does not invariably give the vehicle to the right of the intersection the preference. Regard must be had to surrounding circumstances. * * * The statute in question does not warrant drivers of vehicles in taking close chances.”

In Gibbs v. Almstrom, 145 Minn. 35, 176 N. W. 173, 11 A. L. R. 227, it was said that, if a driver approaching a street intersection sees a car coming from the right and so near that there is reasonable danger of collision if both cars proceed, it becomes his duty to yield the right of way. In Kunz v. Thorp F. P-D. Co. 150 Minn. 362, 185 N. W. 376, the doctrine .above quoted was restated and affirmed. Defendant relies on Lindahl v. Morse, 148 Minn. 167, 181 N. W. 323, and Anderson v. A. E. Jenney Motor Co. 150 Minn. 358, 185 N. W. 378. These cases are clearly distinguishable upon the facts.

In Lindahl v. Morse, when plaintiff got to the intersection he saw defendant’s car coming from the right at a speed of about 30 miles an hour and only 40 feet away. Nevertheless he kept on going, thinking he could cross the street before the defendant reached him, and it was held that he was guilty of negligence as a matter of law because he undertook to cross in entire disregard of the provisions of the statute.

In Anderson v. A. E. Jenney Motor Co. plaintiff did not look for cars until he passed the curb line. He then saw defendant’s car approaching from his right at a speed of about 35 miles an hour. It was only 40 or 50 feet from the curb line. Plaintiff could have stopped his car within 12 or 14 feet. Instead of doing so, he attempted to cross ahead of defendant’s car and the collision occurred. Tbe facts were practically tbe same as in Lindabl v. Morse, and that case was followed and plaintiff beld guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law.

In tbe case at bar plaintiff looked to bis right as soon as be bad a view of Twenty-sixtb street. He testified tbat defendant’s car was then balf a block away. It was coming fast but was so far away tbat tbe jury might properly find tbat plaintiff bad a right to assume be .could safely cross before defendant reached tbe intersection.

We are of tbe opinion tbat tbe case was correctly disposed of and tbe judgment appealed from is accordingly affirmed.