LAW.coLAW.co

Malvin SCHECHTER, Appellant, v. Caspar W. WEINBERGER, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Appellee

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit1974-10-03No. No. 73-1797
506 F.2d 1275

Summary

Holding. The court reversed the District Court's judgment and remanded the case, holding that section 1106(a) of the Social Security Act does not qualify as a specific statutory exemption under the Freedom of Information Act's Exemption 3 because it grants the Secretary blanket discretionary authority over disclosure rather than specifically exempting particular documents from disclosure.

Schechter sought access to survey reports concerning Medicare services at medical facilities, which the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare refused to disclose. The Secretary relied on section 1106(a) of the Social Security Act as grounds for withholding the documents, arguing they qualified for exemption from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act's Exemption 3, which protects materials specifically exempted from disclosure by statute. The District Court granted summary judgment in the Secretary's favor, upholding the exemption claim.

On appeal, the court examined whether section 1106(a) constituted a valid specific statutory exemption under the Freedom of Information Act. The court found that section 1106(a), when read in its entirety, functioned as a broad grant of discretionary authority to the Secretary rather than a narrowly tailored specific exemption. The court aligned itself with recent decisions from the Third and Fifth Circuits that had reached similar conclusions, as well as a contemporaneous District Court decision addressing the same statutory provision.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether section 1106(a) of the Social Security Act constitutes a specific exemption under FOIA Exemption 3
  • Distinction between blanket discretionary authority and specific statutory exemption
  • Scope of Secretary's authority to withhold Medicare survey reports

Procedural posture

Appellant appealed a District Court grant of summary judgment in favor of the Secretary, who had denied access to Medicare survey reports on exemption grounds.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

FAHY, Senior Circuit Judge:

The Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare denied appellant an opportunity to inspect and copy certain survey reports prepared by state agencies dealing with Medicare services at a Portland, Orgeon medical laboratory and a Boston hospital. The Secretary’s refusal of access to these reports was due in part to his reliance upon section 1106(a) of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1306(a). Appellant sued the Secretary in our District Court to compel disclosure of the reports. On the Secretary’s motion the court granted summary judgment in his favor by order of June 7, 1973. In its order the court held that the documents requested “are exempt from disclosure by 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(3) [Exemption 3 of the Freedom of Information Act] by virtue of the provisions of section 1106 of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1306. . . . ” This Exemption 3 protects from disclosure “matters that are . . . specifically exempted from disclosure by statute.”

Pending our consideration of this appeal from the judgment of the District Court, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, in a case presenting the same legal question, reached a decision contrary to that of our District Court in this case, Stretch v. Weinberger, 495 F.2d 639 (3rd Cir. 1974); so too has the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Serchuk v. Weinberger, 493 F.2d 663 (5th Cir. 1974), where the decision is listed among “Decisions Without Published Opinions.” The Serchuk court cites Stretch v. Weinberger, supra. And in Dellums v. Weinberger, Civil Action No. 181-72, Judge Jones of our District Court has held that 42 U.S.C. § 1306(a):

does not specifically exempt the documents sought from disclosure, but rather is a blanket exclusion on disclosure of all files, records and reports compiled under the Social Security Act. That blanket exemption is in direct contravention of the liberal disclosure requirement of the Freedom of Information Act, and cannot qualify as a specific exemption within the meaning of the Act. Schecter [sic] v. Richardson, Civil Action No. 710-72 (D.D.C. July 17, 1972); Serchuk v. Richardson, No. 72-1212-Civ—PF (S.D.Fla., Nov. 28, 1972). But see [People of the State of] California v. Richardson, 351 F.Supp. 733 (N.D. Cal.1972).

See also, Robertson v. Butterfield, 162 U.S.App.D.C. 298, 498 F.2d 1031 (1974), and the memorandum opinion of Judge Gesell of our District Court in Cutler v. C.A.B., 375 F.Supp. 722 (D.D.C.1974).

We agree with the reasoning of the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit involving 42 U.S.C. § 1306(a) in the Stretch case, which seems to have met the approval of the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Serchuk, We agree also with the reasoning of our District Court with respect to the same statute in the Dellums case. We shall accordingly reverse.

We may add that were the opening non-disclosure language of 42 U.S.C. § 1306(a) amenable to a construction as a specific statutory exemption, the language of the section which follows, with which the former must be construed, would destroy such specificity. Read as a whole, section 1306 vests complete, uncharted discretion with respect to disclosure in the Secretary rather than being a specific exemption by statute.

Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

. 42 U.S.C. § 1306(a) in pertinent part provides as follows:

No disclosure ... of any file, record, report or other paper, or any information, obtained at any time by the Secretary of Ilealth, Education, and Welfare ... in the course of discharging [his] . . . duties under this chapter . . . shall be made except as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare . may by regulations prescribe.

. The Social Security Amendments of 1972, Pub.L. 92-603, 86 Stat. 1329, require disclosure of survey reports compiled after January 31, 1973. See, 20 C.F.R. 401.3(v)(1). The reports requested by appellants had been compiled prior to January 31, 1973.

. The Department of Justice courteously advised this court of the Stretch decision before its availability in the published report of the case.

. A copy of the action of the Fifth Circuit furnished this court by the United States shows the action of that Circuit as follows:

April 29, 1974

Before Wisdom, Coleman and Simpson, Circuit Judges.

Per Curiam:

AFFIRMED. See Local Rule 21. And see Stretch v. Weinberger, 3 Cir., 1974, [495 F.2d 639]. (Footnote omitted.)

. See footnote 4, supra.

. To the contrary is People of the State of California v. Richardson, 351 F.Supp. 733 (N.D.Cal.1972).

dissent opinion

MacKINNON, Circuit Judge

(dissenting) :

I dissent in accordance with my views in this case previously set forth in Schechter v. Weinberger, 162 U.S.App.D.C. 282, 498 F.2d 1015 (1974).