TUCKER, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Ourania A. Karras, appeals from the trial courts decision of April 27, 2017, in which the court entered judgment on her claim for unpaid rent in favor of Defendant-appellee, Anastasios Karras. Raising two assignments of error, Appellant argues that: (1) the court interpreted her complaint too narrowly when it found that she had neither established her right to recover rent from Appellee, nor stated a claim for damages based upon Appellees alleged interference with her life estate; and (2) the court should have found that Appellee admitted liability because his answer to the complaint did not satisfy the requirements of Civ.R. 8(B). We find that the trial court did not err, and we therefore affirm.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} Pursuant to the terms of a trust, Appellant holds a life estate in the marital residence that she shared with her late husband, Andreas Karras. Decision Sustaining Def.s Mot. for Summ. J. and Overruling Pl.s Mot. for Summ. J. 2, Apr. 27, 2017. Appellee, one of Andreas Karass three adult children from a previous marriage, resided with his father and Appellant before his father died in May, 2013, and he continued to reside there after his fathers death. See id. at 2-3. Disputes among Appellant, Appellee and Appellees siblings over the implementation of the trust and the disposition of the trusts assets led to litigation in the Montgomery County Probate Court, beginning in May, 2014. Id. at 2.
{¶ 3} On July 28, 2015, the probate court issued an entry resolving the parties various claims. Id. In relevant part, the probate court held that the trust entitled Appellant to exclusive possession of her marital residence and that Appellee had no right to remain there. Id. Appellee did not vacate the residence, however, so Appellant filed her Complaint for Forcible Detention [sic], Rent and Damages in the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas on October 16, 2015. See id. at 3. The complaint comprised two claims for relief-a claim for forcible entry and detainer, and a claim for rent in an amount no less than $1,000 for every month Appellee lived in the residence without permission, plus statutory interest. See Compl. ¶ 18 and 23.
{¶ 4} On March 31, 2016, the trial court adopted the magistrates decision holding that Appellant was entitled to judgment on the pleadings on her first claim for relief. Decision Sustaining Def.s Mot. for Summ. J. and Overruling Pl.s Mot. for Summ. J. 3. The court resolved the remaining claim, Appellants claim for unpaid rent, in favor of Appellee in its decision of April 27, 2017. Appellants timely appeal followed on May 27, 2017.
II. Analysis
{¶ 5} Both of Appellants assignments of error concern the trial courts ruling on a motion for summary judgment. Under Civ.R. 56(C), summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith when: (1) there is no genuine issue as to any material fact; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) construing the evidence most strongly in favor of the non-moving party, reasonable minds could not conclude otherwise. See also Bonacorsi v. Wheeling & Lake Erie Ry. Co. , 95 Ohio St.3d 314, 2002-Ohio-2220, 767 N.E.2d 707, ¶ 24 ; Harless v. Willis Day Warehousing Co. , 54 Ohio St.2d 64, 66, 375 N.E.2d 46 (1978). The movant initially bears the burden of demonstrating the absence of any genuine issue of material fact. Mitseff v. Wheeler , 38 Ohio St.3d 112, 115, 526 N.E.2d 798 (1988).
{¶ 6} To meet this burden, the movant may rely only on those portions of the record properly before the court under Civ.R. 56(C). Dresher v. Burt , 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 292-293, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996). If the movant meets its burden, then the non-moving party bears the reciprocal burden, as stated in Civ.R. 56(E), to establish specific facts showing genuine issues to be tried. Id. at 293, 662 N.E.2d 264. To satisfy its reciprocal burden, the non-moving party may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of [the] pleading[s], but must set forth specific facts showing there is [at least one] genuine issue for trial.
Chaney v. Clark County Agric. Soc. , 90 Ohio App. 3d 421, 424, 629 N.E.2d 513 (2d Dist.1993), citing Civ.R. 56(E), and Jackson v. Alert Fire & Safety Equip. , 58 Ohio St.3d 48, 51, 567 N.E.2d 1027 (1991). Whether a fact is material depends on the substantive law of the claim being litigated. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. , 477 U.S. 242, 247-248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986) ; Turner v. Turner , 67 Ohio St.3d 337, 340, 617 N.E.2d 1123 (1993). On appeal an appellate court reviews a trial courts decision on a motion for summary judgment de novo. Herres v. Millwood Homeowners Assn, Inc. , 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23552, 2010-Ohio-3533, 2010 WL 2990731, ¶ 17, citing Bonacorsi , 95 Ohio St.3d 314, 2002-Ohio-2220, 767 N.E.2d 707, ¶ 24.
{¶ 7} For her first assignment of error, Appellant contends that:
THE TRIAL COURT IMPROPERLY GRANTED TOMS MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT WHEN IT MISCONSTRUED THE WORD RENT[.]
{¶ 8} In its decision of April 27, 2017, the trial court found that Appellant directed her second claim for relief specifically [to] damages based upon [Appellee]s failure to pay rent; that Appellant failed to articulate a colorable basis under which she can recover rent from Appellee; and that Appellant failed to plead any other damages related to [Appellee]s alleged interference with her exclusive life estate. Decision Sustaining Def.s Mot. for Summ. J. and Overruling Pl.s Mot. for Summ. J. 10-12 [hereinafter Decision ]. Appellant argues that the trial court thus interpreted her complaint too narrowly. See Appellants Br. 6.
{¶ 9} Implicitly, Appellants argument relies on the presumption that Ohio law recognizes a discrete cause of action for intentional interference with a life estate. See Appellants Br. 7. Appellant disavows any intention of recovering rent in the sense of compensation * * * paid, usually periodically, for the use of * * * property, and maintains that the use of the word rent in her second claim for relief was understood by all to mean damages as measured by the diminution of the rental value of her residence, rather than the more customary meaning. Blacks Law Dictionary 1166 (5th ed. 1979); Appellants Br. 6. Acknowledging that Appellee never signed a lease with [her] and did not entirely bar[ ] her from [her] home, she posits that Ohio courts have held that the life tenant is owed some amount of damages in cases similar to hers, where Appellee simply refused to leave [even] after losing in the [p]robate [c]ourt and being served with both a thirty-day and [a] three-day notice to vacate the premises. Appellants Br. 7. Appellants citations notwithstanding, the case law is ambiguous.
{¶ 10} In support of her position, Appellant cites a case in which the Eleventh District Court of Appeals held that the trial courts * * * award [of] damages to [the] [plaintiff-]appellee for interference with [his] life estate is in accordance with the law. Karako v. Lindberg , 11th Dist. Lake No. 97-L-022, 1998 WL 257043, *8 (Apr. 10, 1998). The plaintiff-appellee in Karako , however, sought relief for the breach of a contract in which [he] was granted a life estate in property formerly owned by [his] wife, as opposed to relief for intentional interference with a life estate, and the Eleventh Districts holding referred to the method by which the trial court had calculated the amount of the plaintiff-appellees contract damages, not to the legal theory on which he had predicated his complaint. Id. at *1 and *6-8. Of note, the trial court calculated the plaintiff-appellees damages by establishing the value of the consideration he delivered to the defendant-appellant pursuant to their contract. See id. at *5-7.
{¶ 11} Appellant also cites Miller v. Miller , 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 81287, 2003-Ohio-1342, 2003 WL 1356804. In Miller , the plaintiff-appellee was denied access to a residence in which she claimed a life estate and filed a complaint for declaratory judgment in the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, seeking, in relevant part, a determination of her right to possession. Id. at ¶ 3, 5, 10, 17 and 19. The trial court agreed that the plaintiff-appellee had a life estate and awarded her compensation in the amount of the [propertys] fair-market rental value for the interval during which she was ousted from the property. Id. at ¶ 27 and 47. While the plaintiff-appellee was denied access, one of the defendants-appellants took up residence there. Id. at ¶ 24.
{¶ 12} Observing that by virtue of her life estate, the plaintiff-appellee received an inherent power to rent the property in which she was granted [the] estate, the Eighth District concluded that the trial court did not err. Id. Otherwise, its decision does not elaborate on the trial courts rationale for using rental value as the measure of the plaintiff-appellees damages, or specify the legal theory on which the plaintiff-appellee based her request for relief. See id. at ¶ 19-24 and 43-48.
{¶ 13} Assuming for sake of analysis that intentional interference with a life estate is a cognizable cause of action, the decision of the Ninth District Court of Appeals in Weaver v. Fenwick , 9th Dist. Summit No. 17995, 1997 WL 416323, *1 and 3-4 (July 2, 1997), suggests that the claim would sound in tort. Extrapolating from the elements of two other intentional interference torts-intentional interference with contract and intentional interference with inheritance-the elements of a claim for intentional interference with a life estate would likely include: the existence of a life estate held by the claimant; the defendants intentional interference with the exercise of the claimants property rights; the defendants lack of justification or privilege; and damages. See Berridge v. McNamee , 2016-Ohio-4716, 66 N.E.3d 1266, ¶ 39 (2d Dist.) (listing elements of intentional interference with contract); Baillis v. Ross , 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97259, 2012-Ohio-705, 2012 WL 589557, ¶ 27 (listing elements of intentional interference with inheritance), citing Firestone v. Galbreath , 67 Ohio St.3d 87, 88, 616 N.E.2d 202 (1993).
{¶ 14} Appellant alleges that she holds a life estate in her residence, that Appellee has no right to share the residence, and that Appellee refused to vacate the premises in the absence of any right to remain, and Appellee effectively concedes the validity of these allegations in his answer. Compl. ¶ 2-5 and 10; Answer & Countercl. ¶ 4-7 and 16-17, Nov. 6, 2015. Unlike the plaintiffs in Miller and Weaver , however, Appellant was not entirely deprived of the enjoyment of her life estate. Instead, Appellee interfered with [Appellants] peaceful and quiet enjoyment of the premises by refus[ing] to leave and continu[ing] to improperly reside there. Compl. ¶ 10-11. Although Miller and Weaver offer some support for the proposition that an aggrieved holder of a life estate who is completely dispossessed may recover the fair market rental value of the estate property, Appellant alleges only a partial disposition.
{¶ 15} The Miller and Weaver decisions offer no express insight into whether a plaintiff in Appellants position could recover damages based upon diminution of fair market rental value, though this is not an unreasonable premise. Nevertheless, the complaint includes no allegations establishing the fair market rental value of Appellants residence or the amount by which the rental value of the residence was diminished as a result of Appellees unauthorized presence; in other words, Appellants allegation that Appellee interfered with the quiet enjoyment of her residence did not necessarily provide Appellee with notice that Appellant would seek to recover damages on a claim based upon tortious interference with a life estate. See State ex rel. Rogers v. Republic Environmental Sys., Inc. , 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23513, 2010-Ohio-5523, 2010 WL 4615835, ¶ 27 (holding that to constitute fair notice to [an] opposing party, a complaint must still allege sufficient underlying facts that relate to and support the * * * claim for relief).
{¶ 16} For that matter, Appellant insists in her reply brief that if [she had used] the word damages [in her complaint] instead of the word rent, this case would [have been] decided at trial. Appellants Reply Br. 2. Had the trial court dismissed her complaint under Civ.R. 12(B)(6), Appellants argument might have some merit, but the trial court issued its decision under Civ.R. 56. Therefore, even if Appellants complaint could be interpreted to set forth a cause of action for intentional interference with a life estate, and a corresponding claim for damages based upon diminution of fair market rental value, Appellant provided no summary judgment evidence in relation to either of these issues. In the absence of such evidence, the trial court could properly have concluded that Appellant failed to demonstrate her entitle[ment] to judgment as a matter of law. Civ.R. 56(C). Construed in the context of the whole complaint, we find that the allegations in Appellants second claim for relief did not give Appellee notice that Appellant sought to recover damages other than unpaid rent as contemplated in R.C. 1923.02 and 5321.06.
{¶ 17} Moreover, even apart from its caption, Appellants complaint closely mimics the language typical of an action under R.C. Chapters 1923 and 5321. Given that Ohio is a notice-pleading state, Ohio law does not ordinarily require a plaintiff to plead operative facts with particularity. City of Cincinnati v. Beretta U.S.A. Corp. , 95 Ohio St.3d 416, 2002-Ohio-2480, 768 N.E.2d 1136, ¶ 29. Instead, under Civ.R. 8(A), a complaint need only contain a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the [plaintiff] is entitled to relief. Id. , quoting Civ.R. 8(A)(1). The purpose of Civ.R. 8(A) is to give the defendant fair notice of the [plaintiffs] claim and an opportunity to respond. (Citation omitted.) Leichliter v. Natl City Bank of Columbus , 134 Ohio App.3d 26, 31, 729 N.E.2d 1285 (10th Dist.1999). Though a plaintiff need not advance a specific legal theory to obtain recovery, the complaint must contain either direct allegations on every material point necessary to sustain a recovery or contain allegations from which an inference may fairly be drawn that evidence on these material points will be introduced at trial. (Citation omitted.) Strahler v. Vessels , 4th Dist. Washington No. 11 CA 24, 2012-Ohio-4170, 2012 WL 4021113, ¶ 10. Pleadings in general should be construed liberally for purposes of Civ.R. 8. Crosby v. Beam , 47 Ohio St.3d 105, 110, 548 N.E.2d 217 (1989).
{¶ 18} In her first claim for relief, Appellant alleges that she gave [Appellee] written notice of the termination of his tenancy, giving him thirty * * * days to vacate the premises. Compl. ¶ 15. R.C. 5321.17 states that a landlord or [a] tenant may terminate or fail to renew a month-to-month tenancy by notice given the other at least thirty days prior to the periodic rental date, and the thirty-day notice delivered by Appellant lists grounds of [t]ermination of tenancy and [o]ccupying property without color of title when the undersigned [i.e. Appellant] has possessory rights. Compl. ¶ 15 and Ex. B; compare with R.C. 1923.02(A)(5). Appellant also alleges that she served [Appellee] with a [t]hree-[d]ay [n]otice to vacate; the three-day notice refers to the thirty-day notice, incorporates the same grounds and includes the conspicuous warning required by R.C. 1923.04(A). Compl. ¶ 17 and Ex. C. The allegations that Appellee lacks any right to live on the premises, furthermore, relate only to the terms of the trust. That is, even construing the allegations liberally, Appellant never disclaims having had a rental agreement with Appellee. See Id. at ¶ 5, 8-10, 14 and 21.
{¶ 19} In her second claim for relief, Appellant alleges that Appellee has not paid any rent in the time he has lived in the house since May 24, 2013, and she avers that she has been damaged as a result of his refusal to pay rent. Id. at ¶22-23. Appellant calculates her damages-Appellees liability-to be rent in an amount no less than $1,000 for every month [Appellee] lived in [Appellants residence] without permission. Id. at ¶23. Like the first claim for relief, the second claim for relief is most readily construed as a standard claim pursuant to R.C. Chapter 1923, specifically a claim under R.C. 1923.02 for unpaid rent, not least because Appellant emphasizes that Appellees liability should accrue monthly. Id.
{¶ 20} As a whole, the allegations Appellant presents in her complaint closely parallel a number of distinctive provisions of R.C. Chapters 1923 and 5321. The consistent, specific references to these provisions certainly constitute notice of statutory claims for forcible entry and recovery of unpaid rent. Were the complaint intended to assert a tort claim for recovery of damages for interference with a life estate, however, the close parallels to R.C. Chapters 1923 and 5321 would be misleading, and irrespective of Appellants prayer for such other and equitable relief to which [she] may be entitled on all of her claims, similar boilerplate language appears in countless civil complaints. Moreover, the request for any other relief to which Appellant may be entitled o[n] all of her claims links the other relief to the claims actually set forth in the complaint, as opposed to other relief to which Appellant would have been entitled on additional claims.
{¶ 21} We concur with the trial courts conclusion that Appellant failed to plead any damages other than unpaid rent. Decision 11-12. Appellants first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 22} For her second assignment of error, Appellant contends that:
THE TRIAL COURT IMPROPERLY OVERRULED MRS. KARRAS MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT.
{¶ 23} Appellant argues that the trial court should have granted summary judgment on Appellees liability in her favor because Appellees answer to her complaint did not satisfy the requirements of Civ.R. 8(B), meaning that her allegations should have been deemed admitted under Civ.R. 8(D), and independently, because the trial courts dismissal of Appellees counterclaim resulted in the dismissal of his answer. Appellants argument lacks merit.
{¶ 24} In his Answer and Counterclaim, Appellee states he owes no money to [Appellant] for rent or damages and characterizes Appellants suit as retaliatory. Answer & Countercl. ¶ 12 and 22.
Although Appellee does not deny that the probate court and the trial court alike determined that he had no right to live in Appellants residence, he insists that these determinations are incorrect. See Id. at ¶16. Construed in this context, we concur with the trial court that Appellees denial of owing Appellant any rent and damages constitutes a denial of the allegations in Appellants second claim for relief. Decision 10. As well, we find that the dismissal of Appellees counterclaim did not result in the dismissal of his answer, despite the fact that the answer and the counterclaim were presented in a single filing without separate headings. Appellants second assignment of error is overruled.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 25} Even construed liberally, we find that Appellants second claim for relief does not constitute fair notice of a claim for damages other than unpaid rent, and we hold that Appellee did not fail to deny the allegations against him such that they were admitted under Civ.R. 8(D). Therefore, Appellants assignments of error are overruled, and the trial courts decision of April 27, 2017 is affirmed. Finally, the July 14, 2017 motion of Defendant-Appellee for sanctions against Plaintiff-Appellant for having filed an allegedly frivolous appeal is overruled.
HALL, J., concurs.
Tom appears to be Appellees nickname.