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J.D. v. DEKALB COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES (2021)

Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama.2021-02-12No. 2190109

Summary

Holding. The appellate court dismissed the alleged father's appeal because the juvenile court's order was not a final judgment. A final judgment must completely resolve all matters in controversy between the parties, and because the order failed to address the termination of the presumed father's parental rights, it did not finally dispose of all claims in the case and therefore could not support an appeal.

A man claiming to be the biological father of a child appealed a juvenile court order that terminated his parental rights. The Department of Human Resources had filed a petition seeking to terminate the parental rights of three individuals: the presumed father (based on a legal presumption arising from a recent divorce), the alleged biological father, and the mother. The juvenile court issued an order terminating the parental rights of the alleged father and the mother, but the order did not address the petition as it pertained to the presumed father, leaving that part of the case unresolved.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a juvenile court order terminating some but not all parental rights in a case constitutes a final judgment
  • Standing of an alleged biological father to appeal when a presumed father exists under state law
  • Whether adjudication of paternity is necessary before termination of parental rights can be final

Procedural posture

The alleged father appealed from a juvenile court order terminating his parental rights, and the appellate court was asked to determine whether the order was final and appealable.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

J.D. (“the alleged father”) appeals from an order of the DeKalb Juvenile Court (“the juvenile court”) terminating his parental rights to E.B.D. (“the child”). Because the order appealed from in the present case is not a final judgment, we dismiss the appeal.

On October 18, 2018, the DeKalb County Department of Human Resources (“DHR”) filed in the juvenile court a petition to terminate the parental rights of the alleged father, R.S. (“the presumed father”), and of A.D. (“the mother”) to the child. The petition alleged, among other things, that the mother and the presumed father had been married until they were divorced by a judgment entered by the Marshall Circuit Court on February 16, 2017; that the divorce judgment stated that no children had been born of the marriage and that none were expected; that, because the child had been born within 300 days of the entry of the divorce judgment, the presumed father is presumed to be the father of the child, pursuant to § 26-17-204(a), Ala. Code 1975; that the presumed father had executed a consent to the relinquishment of his parental rights to the child; and that the alleged father is the alleged biological father of the child. On November 15, 2018, DHR filed a motion requesting an order requiring the alleged father to submit to a DNA test for the purpose of determining the paternity of the child; the juvenile court granted that motion on November 16, 2018, and directed the alleged father to submit to a DNA test.

The termination-of-parental-rights trial commenced on March 7, 2019, resumed on April 2, 2019, and was completed on October 3, 2019. During the proceedings on March 7, 2019, the alleged fathers attorney asserted that neither the alleged father nor the presumed father had been adjudicated as the childs father at that time. At the April 2, 2019, continuation of the trial, the alleged fathers attorney again raised the issue of the paternity of the child, objecting to proceeding in the case until the results of a DNA test were submitted. In response, DHRs attorney stated: “Judge, I dont think we have to have a DNA test in the case. Weve got a -- weve got a presumed father. Technically, I dont even know if [the alleged father] has standing to be here, but he is.” At that time, the juvenile court overruled the objection raised by the alleged fathers attorney, noting that the proceeding would move forward but that the juvenile court would address the issue of the paternity of the child in its judgment. On October 15, 2019, the juvenile court entered an order terminating the parental rights of the alleged father and of the mother to the child and vesting custody of the child in DHR. The juvenile court, however, failed to adjudicate the childs paternity in its order, although it referred to the alleged father throughout its order as “the father.”

The alleged father filed his notice of appeal to this court on October 29, 2019. DHR filed a motion to dismiss the alleged fathers appeal, asserting that the alleged father “lacks standing to be deemed [the childs] legal father or to assert such a position” based on the legal presumption that the presumed father is the childs father and the juvenile courts purported lack of jurisdiction over the alleged father. On January 13, 2021, this court entered an order directing the parties to submit letter briefs regarding (1) whether the juvenile courts October 15, 2019, order, or any other order entered by the juvenile court, disposed of DHRs petition to the extent that it sought to terminate the parental rights of the presumed father, (2) whether, if no order of the juvenile court has disposed of DHRs petition insofar as it sought to terminate the parental rights of the presumed father, the juvenile courts October 15, 2019, order is a final judgment that will support the alleged fathers appeal, and (3) whether, if the juvenile courts October 15, 2019, order is not a final judgment that will support the alleged fathers appeal, DHRs motion to dismiss the appeal is due to be denied as moot. DHR responded to this courts order, stating that the juvenile courts October 15, 2019, order does not dispose of its request to terminate the presumed fathers parental rights; that, as a result, the juvenile courts October 15, 2019, order is not a final judgment capable of supporting an appeal; that this court has a duty to dismiss the appeal filed by the alleged father; and that DHRs motion to dismiss the appeal is due to be denied as moot.

In Miller v. Jones, 122 So. 3d 1285, 1286-87 (Ala. Civ. App. 2013), this court stated, in pertinent part:

“As a threshold matter, we must determine whether we have jurisdiction to review the purported final judgment.

“ ‘Subject to limited exceptions not applicable in this case, “ ‘ “ ‘an appeal will lie only from a final judgment.’ ” ’ ” Busby v. Lewis, 993 So. 2d 31, 33 (Ala. Civ. App. 2008) (quoting Owens v. Owens, 739 So. 2d 511, 513 (Ala. Civ. App. 1999), in turn quoting Taylor v. Taylor, 398 So. 2d 267, 269 (Ala. 1981)).

“ ‘ “ ‘ “A final judgment is one that completely adjudicates all matters in controversy between the parties.

“ ‘ “ ‘ “․ An order that does not dispose of all claims or determine the rights and liabilities of all the parties to an action is not a final judgment. In such an instance, an appeal may be had ‘only upon an express determination that there is no just reason for delay and upon an express direction for the entry of judgment.’ See Rule 54(b), Ala. R. Civ. P.” ’ ”

“ ‘Busby v. Lewis, 993 So. 2d at 34 (quoting Adams v. NaphCare, Inc., 869 So. 2d 1179, 1181 (Ala. Civ. App. 2003), in turn quoting Eubanks v. McCollum, 828 So. 2d 935, 937 (Ala. Civ. App. 2002)).’

“Pike v. Reed, 3 So. 3d 201, 203 (Ala. Civ. App. 2008).”

In its petition, DHR sought to terminate the parental rights of the presumed father, of the alleged father, and of the mother. The juvenile courts October 15, 2019, order does not address DHRs petition insofar as it sought to terminate the parental rights of the presumed father. Thus, it fails to determine the rights and liabilities of all the parties to the action and, therefore, is not a final judgment. Because a nonfinal judgment will not support an appeal, the alleged fathers appeal is due to be dismissed. See Osburn v. Osburn, 238 So. 3d 60, 61-62 (Ala. Civ. App. 2017). In light of this courts determination that the appeal is due to be dismissed as having been taken from a nonfinal judgment, DHRs motion to dismiss the appeal is denied as moot.

APPEAL DISMISSED.

MOORE, Judge.

Thompson, P.J., and Edwards, Hanson, and Fridy, JJ., concur.