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ROTE v. MARSHALL (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.2021-05-26No. No. 19-35847

Summary

Holding. The appellate court vacated the district court's judgment and remanded the case with instructions that the district court remand the action to state court.

Timothy Rote appealed the dismissal of his state law attorney malpractice claims from federal district court. The case had been removed to federal court by a federal defendant under a federal removal statute. The district court dismissed all claims against the United States for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, then proceeded to dismiss Rote's remaining state law claims. The appellate court identified a jurisdictional error: once the federal claims were dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, the district court lost authority to hear the state law claims and should have remanded the entire case back to state court rather than dismissing it.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether district court retained subject matter jurisdiction over state law claims after dismissing federal claims
  • Whether district court was required to remand case to state court under supplemental jurisdiction rules
  • Proper procedure when federal defendant's removal creates jurisdictional defect

Procedural posture

Timothy Rote appealed pro se from a district court judgment dismissing his state law attorney malpractice claims following removal by a federal defendant.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

MEMORANDUM **

Timothy C. Rote appeals pro se from the district courts judgment dismissing his action alleging various state law claims concerning his attorney malpractice action. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We consider sua sponte whether the district court had subject matter jurisdiction. Elhouty v. Lincoln Benefit Life Co., 886 F.3d 752, 755 (9th Cir. 2018). We vacate and remand.

Following the removal of this action by the sole federal defendant under 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a), the district court dismissed all claims against the United States under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Because this dismissal was jurisdictional, the district court lacked jurisdiction to adjudicate Rotes state law claims. See Herman Family Revocable Tr. v. Teddy Bear, 254 F.3d 802, 806-07 (9th Cir. 2001) (if federal claims are dismissed under Rule 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, a district court lacks the authority to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over remaining state law claims under 28 U.S.C. § 1367). Accordingly, the district court was required to remand the action to state court once Rotes claims against the United States were dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. See 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).

We vacate the district courts judgment and remand with instructions for the district court to remand the case to state court.

The motions for disqualification (Docket Entry No. 22) and to supplement the record on appeal (Docket Entry Nos. 35 and 38) are denied as moot.

Each party will bear its own costs on appeal.

VACATED and REMANDED.