LAW.coLAW.co

PUCHI MUNOZ v. GARLAND (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.2021-03-30No. 18-2417

Summary

Holding. The petition for review is denied. The Board of Immigration Appeals did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to reopen because Puchi-Munoz failed to establish a realistic chance of satisfying the demanding hardship requirement for cancellation of removal.

Sergio Bolivar Puchi-Munoz, an Ecuadorian citizen, petitioned for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals' decision denying his motion to reopen removal proceedings. He sought to reopen in order to apply for cancellation of removal, claiming his prior attorney failed to file such an application. Although untimeliness can be excused by ineffective assistance of counsel, the applicant must still demonstrate a realistic chance of establishing eligibility for the relief sought.

The court examined whether Puchi-Munoz could satisfy the demanding hardship requirement for cancellation of removal. This standard requires showing that removal would cause exceptional and extremely unusual hardship to a qualifying relative—in this case, his U.S. citizen daughter. The BIA found that the daughter's asthma, documented only by a 2016 doctor's statement noting past diagnosis and nebulizer use, did not rise to the level of severity required. Without evidence of frequent attacks, severe breathing difficulties, or other serious health complications, the applicant could not demonstrate a realistic chance of meeting the hardship threshold. The court rejected additional arguments that the BIA's analysis was inadequate or that it failed to address claims about medical availability and income differences in Ecuador, noting that Puchi-Munoz had submitted no supporting evidence for those contentions.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether ineffective assistance of counsel excuses an untimely motion to reopen removal proceedings
  • What constitutes prima facie eligibility for cancellation of removal
  • What standard of hardship satisfies the exceptional and extremely unusual requirement
  • Whether medical evidence of asthma was sufficient to demonstrate requisite hardship

Procedural posture

Puchi-Munoz sought judicial review of the BIA's denial of his motion to reopen removal proceedings that had been decided in 2015.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Petitioner Sergio Bolivar Puchi-Munoz, a native and citizen of Ecuador, seeks review of a July 16, 2018, decision of the BIA denying his motion to reopen his removal proceedings. In re Sergio Bolivar Puchi-Munoz, No. A089 709 246 (B.I.A. Jul. 16, 2018). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history.

We have reviewed the BIAs denial of the motion to reopen for abuse of discretion. See Jian Hui Shao v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 138, 168–69 (2d Cir. 2008). Puchi-Munoz moved to reopen his removal proceedings to apply for cancellation of removal, asserting that his prior counsel was ineffective in not filing an application for that relief. It is undisputed that Puchi-Munozs motion was untimely because he filed it almost two years after the BIAs 2015 decision affirming his removal order. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). While ineffective assistance of counsel can excuse an untimely filing, see Rashid v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 127, 130–31 (2d Cir. 2008), the BIA may deny even a timely motion if a noncitizen fails to establish prima facie eligibility for the relief sought, see INS v. Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 104–05, 108 S.Ct. 904, 99 L.Ed.2d 90 (1988); Poradisova v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 70, 78 (2d Cir. 2005) (concluding that the prima facie standard requires an applicant to show “ ‘a realistic chance’ that he will be able to establish eligibility” for relief (quoting Jian Lian Guo v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556, 563–64 (3d Cir. 2004))). The BIA did not abuse its discretion because it reasonably concluded that Puchi-Munoz did not have a realistic chance of establishing his prima facie eligibility for cancellation.

A nonpermanent resident, like Puchi-Munoz, may have his removal cancelled if he (1) “has been physically present in the United States for a continuous period of not less than 10 years,” (2) “has been a person of good moral character during such period,” (3) has not been convicted of certain offenses, and (4) demonstrates that his “removal would result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship” to a qualifying relative (here, his U.S. citizen daughter). 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1). The BIA denied reopening based on its determination that Puchi-Munoz would not be able to show the requisite hardship. Hardship is a high standard that requires a showing that the “qualifying relatives would suffer hardship that is substantially different from, or beyond, that which would normally be expected from the deportation of an alien with close family members.” In re Monreal-Aguinaga, 23 I. & N. Dec. 56, 65 (BIA 2001). The agency considers, among other evidence, “the ages, health, and circumstances” of qualifying relatives, including whether they “are solely dependent upon [the applicant] for support” or have “very serious health issues.” Id. at 63. “A lower standard of living or adverse country conditions in the country of return are factors to consider only insofar as they may affect a qualifying relative, but generally will be insufficient in themselves to support a finding of exceptional and extremely unusual hardship.” Id. at 63–64.

The BIA reasoned that Puchi-Munozs daughters asthma and other health conditions were not so serious that Puchi-Munozs removal would cause her to “suffer hardship that is substantially different from, or beyond, that which would normally be expected from the deportation of an alien with close family members.” Id. at 65. Puchi-Munoz submitted a doctors 2016 statement that his daughter has been diagnosed with asthma in the past and uses a nebulizer. Although severe or extreme asthma may support a cancellation claim, see Mendez v. Holder, 566 F.3d 316, 318, 322–23 (2d Cir. 2009) (concluding that daughters asthma—which resulted in 25 attacks a year, requiring use of a home nebulizer and several visits to the emergency room—could support a cancellation claim), the doctors statement does not include any further details about the severity of Puchi-Munozs daughters asthma or the frequency of attacks. Further, the medical records did not confirm an asthma diagnosis or suggest that Puchi-Munozs daughter had breathing difficulties that were severe or frequent. On this record, the BIA reasonably concluded that Puchi-Munoz did not have “a realistic chance” of showing the requisite hardship. Poradisova, 420 F.3d at 78 (internal quotation marks omitted); cf. Mendez, 566 F.3d at 318, 322–23.

Puchi-Munozs other arguments on appeal are unavailing. First, contrary to his argument that the BIAs decision was “perfunctory,” that decision provided the “certain minimum level of analysis” required for meaningful judicial review, Poradisova, 420 F.3d at 77. The BIA considered the evidence, noting that Puchi-Munozs daughter had been diagnosed with asthma in the past, used a nebulizer and albuterol, and had a number of medical visits and treatments since birth, but reasonably concluded that that evidence would not satisfy the requisite hardship standard. See Wei Guang Wang v. BIA, 437 F.3d 270, 275 (2d Cir. 2006) (concluding that BIA is not required to “expressly parse or refute on the record each individual argument or piece of evidence” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Puchi-Munoz also contends that the BIAs decision was perfunctory because it did not discuss his arguments about the availability of adequate medical treatment in Ecuador and the lower income he will earn in Ecuador. But he did not submit any evidence to the BIA to support these arguments. See Jian Hui Shao, 546 F.3d at 157–58 (“[W]hen a petitioner bears the burden of proof, his failure to adduce evidence can itself constitute the ‘substantial evidence’ necessary to support the agencys challenged decision.”); id. at 168 (explaining that movant carries a “heavy burden” on reopening (quoting Abudu, 485 U.S. at 110, 108 S.Ct. 904)). Moreover, “[a] lower standard of living or adverse country conditions in the country of return ․ generally will be insufficient in themselves to support a finding of exceptional and extremely unusual hardship.” Monreal-Aguinaga, 23 I. & N. Dec. at 63–64.

Second, the BIA was not required to explicitly rule on whether Puchi-Munozs prior counsel was ineffective because its determination that he would not satisfy the hardship standard was dispositive. See Abudu, 485 U.S. at 104–05, 108 S.Ct. 904. In any event, the BIAs hardship determination effectively resolved his ineffective assistance claim because such a claim requires a showing of prejudice, which in turn requires a showing of prima facie eligibility for the relief sought. See Rabiu v. INS, 41 F.3d 879, 882 (2d Cir. 1994) (“In order ․ to show that his attorneys failure ․ caused him actual prejudice, he must make a prima facie showing that he would have been eligible for the relief and that he could have made a strong showing in support of his application.”).

For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED. All pending motions and applications are DENIED and stays VACATED.