LAW.coLAW.co

KAYER v. SHINN (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.2021-03-25No. No. 09-99027

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the district court's denial of Kayer's habeas corpus petition challenging the sentencing judge's decision to honor his waiver of a continuance for additional mitigation investigation.

Kayer challenged his death sentence through habeas corpus, arguing he received ineffective assistance of counsel when the sentencing judge denied his attorney's request for a 90- or 180-day continuance to complete mitigation investigation. Kayer himself had repeatedly and consistently opposed the continuance, stating he did not believe mitigation evidence would matter in the sentencing decision. The sentencing judge and Kayer's attorney both found on the record that Kayer understood the significance of the mitigation evidence and the consequences of his opposition. The judge offered a two-week delay and later provided another opportunity for Kayer to request additional time, but Kayer maintained his position against a continuance.

On habeas review, the court applied the highly deferential standard required by the Antiterrorism Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). The court found that the Arizona Supreme Court's factual finding that Kayer was competent when he opposed the continuance had adequate support in the record. The court also determined that no clearly established federal law prohibited the sentencing judge from respecting Kayer's express decision to waive additional mitigation investigation time. Under AEDPA's demanding review standard, neither the factual determination nor the legal conclusion of the Arizona court was unreasonable.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether denying a continuance for mitigation investigation constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel when the defendant opposes the continuance
  • Whether a defendant's competent and informed waiver of additional mitigation investigation time can be honored by a sentencing judge
  • Scope of AEDPA deference to state court factual findings and legal conclusions

Procedural posture

The case returned to the Ninth Circuit on remand from the Supreme Court following vacatur of the panel's prior decision granting habeas relief.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

MEMORANDUM *

We previously granted Kayer habeas relief based on his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel during the penalty phase of his proceedings. See Kayer v. Ryan, 923 F.3d 692 (9th Cir. 2019). The Supreme Court granted certiorari and vacated our decision. See Shinn v. Kayer, ––– U.S. ––––, 141 S. Ct. 517, 208 L.Ed.2d 353 (2020) (per curiam). Now on remand, we address the sole issue we declined to reach in our prior opinion. We affirm the district courts denial of Kayers writ of habeas corpus.

In our prior opinion, we declined to reach Kayers challenge to the sentencing judges denial of a 90- or 180-day continuance of his mitigation hearing for additional mitigation investigation, as had been requested by Kayers counsel. See Kayer, 923 F.3d at 725. Although the judge was initially prepared to grant a thirty-day continuance, he denied it following an extended colloquy during which Kayer repeatedly expressed his opposition to a continuance. Kayer did not feel that “mitigation [was] going to be a major factor in the [sentencing] decision.” In response to the denial, Kayers counsel attempted, but was not permitted, to withdraw on the basis that he was unable to “effectively put on [a] mitigation case,” without the completed investigation. Both the judge and Kayers counsel stated on the record that they believed Kayer understood the importance of the mitigation evidence and the consequences of opposing the continuance. With Kayers consent, the judge delayed the mitigation hearing by two weeks in order to provide additional time for investigation without rescheduling the sentencing hearing. During that mitigation hearing, the mitigation specialist testified about the various avenues she intended to investigate if given additional time. The judge again provided Kayer an opportunity to request a continuance for further mitigation investigation. Kayer remained opposed to a continuance, and none was granted.

On direct appeal, the Arizona Supreme Court concluded that Kayer was competent when he opposed the continuance, and that the sentencing judge did not err in deferring to Kayers waiver of additional mitigation investigation. Before us, Kayer argues that the Arizona Supreme Courts rejection of this claim was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts or, alternatively, that the Court unreasonably applied federal law as clearly established by the United States Supreme Court in concluding that the sentencing judges decision did not deprive Kayer of effective assistance of counsel. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)–(2). We disagree.

First, the Arizona Supreme Courts conclusion that Kayer was competent when he opposed the continuance was not an unreasonable determination of the facts within the meaning of § 2254(d)(2) because the record offers support for such a conclusion. Both the judge and Kayers counsel believed Kayer understood the consequences of not permitting additional mitigation investigation. Kayer had multiple opportunities to support his counsels request for a continuance, including shortly after the mitigation specialists testimony that she needed more time to conduct an investigation, yet he declined to do so. Under AEDPAs deferential review, we cannot say the Arizona Supreme Courts conclusion was objectively unreasonable. See Pizzuto v. Yordy, 947 F.3d 510, 523 (9th Cir. 2019) (per curiam).

Second, the Arizona Supreme Courts rejection of this claim was not contrary to, nor an unreasonable application of, federal law clearly established in a decision of the United States Supreme Court, as is required under § 2254(d)(1). Although Kayer directs us to Supreme Court opinions discussing the typical division of labor between attorneys and their clients, he has not identified any clearly established federal law prohibiting a sentencing judge, in the circumstances of this case, from acceding to a defendants express wish to decline a continuance.

The district courts denial of the writ of habeas corpus is therefore affirmed.

AFFIRMED.