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UNITED STATES v. HOCKER (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.2021-08-10No. No. 20-3340

Summary

Holding. The court summarily affirmed the district court's denial of compassionate release, finding no abuse of discretion because the § 3553(a) sentencing factors did not support sentence reduction despite the existence of extraordinary and compelling reasons.

James Hocker, convicted of securities fraud in 2018, sought compassionate release from his 204-month sentence under federal statute 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A), claiming health conditions including heart disease, sleep apnea, and diabetes increased his COVID-19 vulnerability. Although the district court acknowledged that extraordinary and compelling reasons existed to warrant relief, it determined that the statutory factors weighing sentencing considerations—particularly the severity of his crime, his criminal background, and the small portion of his sentence served—outweighed those reasons and denied his motion.

The appellate court reviewed the district court's decision for abuse of discretion and upheld the denial. The court emphasized that Hocker's offense was serious, involving years of defrauding vulnerable elderly individuals of approximately $1.5 million in retirement savings, and that he had prior DUI convictions and committed the crime while under supervision. With only 17 months of his 17-year sentence completed, the court found that continued imprisonment served the legitimate purposes of deterrence, respect for law, just punishment, and public protection.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether district court abused discretion denying compassionate release motion
  • Application of § 3553(a) sentencing factors to compassionate release determinations
  • Balance between extraordinary circumstances and crime severity in sentence modification

Procedural posture

Hocker appealed pro se from the district court's denial of his compassionate release motion, and the government moved for summary affirmance.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

OPINION *

James E. Hocker appeals pro se from an order of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania denying his motion for compassionate release pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). The Government has filed a motion for summary affirmance. For the following reasons, we grant the Governments motion and will summarily affirm the District Courts judgment.

In 2018, Hocker pleaded guilty to securities fraud. See 18 U.S.C. § 1348. The next year, he was sentenced to 204 months of imprisonment. We affirmed. See United States v. Hocker, No. 19-2379, ––– F. Appx ––––, 2021 WL 2879343 (3d Cir. July 9, 2021).

In August 2020, Hocker filed a pro se motion for compassionate release pursuant to § 3582(c)(1)(A). (ECF 36.) He argued that various health conditions, including “coronary artery disease, sleep apnea, and diabetes (borderline),” put him at increased risk from COVID-19. The Government opposed the motion. (ECF 42.)

The District Court denied relief. (ECF 45.) It agreed with the Governments concession that Hocker had shown that extraordinary and compelling reasons warranted relief. But the District Court concluded that the relevant factors under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) weighed against any reduction in his sentence. Those factors included the seriousness of Hockers offense, his criminal history, the likelihood of recidivism, and the fact that he had served less than a quarter of his sentence. Hocker appeals. The Government has filed a motion for summary affirmance (Doc. 10), to which Hocker objects. (Doc. 12).

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review for abuse of discretion the denial of an eligible defendants motion for a sentence modification under § 3582(c). See United States v. Pawlowski, 967 F.3d 327, 330 (3d Cir. 2020). Thus, we “will not disturb the District Courts decision unless there is a definite and firm conviction that it committed a clear error of judgment in the conclusion it reached upon a weighing of the relevant factors.” Id. (alteration, quotation marks, and citation omitted). We may affirm on any basis supported by the record. See Murray v. Bledsoe, 650 F.3d 246, 247 (3d Cir. 2011) (per curiam).

The compassionate release provision states that a district court “may reduce the term of imprisonment” and “impose a term of probation or supervised release” if it finds that “extraordinary and compelling reasons warrant such a reduction.” 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). Before granting compassionate release, a district court must consider “the factors set forth in [18 U.S.C. §] 3553(a) to the extent that they are applicable.” § 3582(c)(1)(A). Those factors include, among other things, “the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and characteristics of the defendant,” § 3553(a)(1), and the need for the sentence “to reflect the seriousness of the offense, to promote respect for the law, and to provide just punishment for the offense”; “to afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct”; and “to protect the public from further crimes of the defendant,” § 3553(a)(2)(A)-(C).

We conclude that the District Court did not abuse its discretion in denying Hockers compassionate release motion because the applicable § 3553(a) factors do not support relief. Hockers crime was serious. For several years, he defrauded numerous, often elderly, individuals, who lost some or all of their retirement and life savings. See Hocker, ––– F. Appx at ––––, 2021 WL 2879343, at *1 (stating that Hocker “targeted the elderly, those nearing or entering retirement, and others with limited investment experience”). The losses from his actions totaled almost $1.5 million. In addition, Hocker had been convicted of numerous DUI offenses, and committed the underlying offense while on supervision for two of those convictions. Finally, Hocker had served only 17 months of a 17 year sentence. See Pawlowski, 967 F.3d at 331 (stating that “the time remaining in [the] sentence may—along with the circumstances underlying the motion for compassionate release and the need to avoid unwarranted disparities among similarly situated inmates—inform whether immediate release would be consistent with” the § 3553(a) factors). These factors support the District Courts conclusion that continued incarceration was needed to afford adequate deterrence, promote respect for the law, provide just punishment, and protect the public.

For the foregoing reasons, we grant the Governments motion and will summarily affirm the District Courts judgment.

PER CURIAM