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ANTUNEZ VALENTE v. WILKINSON (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.2021-02-12No. No. 19-72846

Summary

Holding. The petition for review is denied. The DHS reinstatement order is valid because the noncitizen illegally reentered the United States by failing to obtain advance permission from the Attorney General as required by her prior removal order, and the streamlined reinstatement procedures satisfy due process requirements.

Xochitl Antunez-Valente, a noncitizen subject to a prior removal order, petitioned for review of a Department of Homeland Security decision to reinstate that removal order after she reentered the United States. The court found that although Antunez-Valente presented herself truthfully at the border and was allowed through without deception, her reentry was nevertheless illegal because she lacked the advance permission from the Attorney General required by the terms of her original removal order. The court rejected her arguments that the reinstatement violated due process and that the applicable statute should not apply retroactively to her case.

The court determined that procedurally regular border entries can still constitute illegal reentry for purposes of the relevant immigration statute. Because Antunez-Valente reentered just days after her removal without obtaining the required advance consent, all conditions for reinstatement were satisfied. The court also found no prejudice from the streamlined reinstatement procedures, as Antunez-Valente failed to demonstrate what evidence she would have presented at a hearing or that a different outcome would have resulted.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a procedurally regular border entry can constitute illegal reentry under 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5)
  • Whether reinstatement of a prior removal order violates due process without a hearing to contest the illegal reentry determination
  • Whether advance permission from the Attorney General is required for reentry despite non-fraudulent passage through a border checkpoint
  • Application of reinstatement statutes to removals and reentries occurring after the April 1, 1997 effective date

Procedural posture

The case came before the court on Antunez-Valente's petition for review of a DHS reinstatement order, with the government seeking to supplement the administrative record with a previously omitted document.

Authorities cited

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Opinion

MEMORANDUM ***

Xochitl Antunez-Valente petitions for review of a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) order reinstating her prior removal order under 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5). Although we review de novo due process claims and questions of law, our review of a reinstatement order is ordinarily limited to confirming that the agency complied with its regulations. Garcia de Rincon v. DHS, 539 F.3d 1133, 1136–37 (9th Cir. 2008). We deny the petition for review.

1. The reinstatement order is valid because the record shows that Antunez-Valente is a noncitizen who was subject to a prior order of removal, and yet illegally reentered the United States after being removed subject to that order. See 8 C.F.R. § 241.8(a). Although the certified administrative record omits the prior removal order, the government has moved to supplement the record with that document, claiming inadvertent error. We grant the governments motion.

To challenge the reinstatement order, Antunez-Valente contends that her reentry was not illegal because she did not intend to deceive border officials when she presented herself at the San Ysidro pedestrian entry, truthfully answered the border officials questions, and was waved through. Our precedent forecloses her argument. Procedurally regular entries can nevertheless be substantively illegal for purposes of 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5). Tellez v. Lynch, 839 F.3d 1175, 1178 (9th Cir. 2016); Tamayo-Tamayo v. Holder, 725 F.3d 950, 952–54 (9th Cir. 2013).

Our recent decision in Tomczyk v. Wilkinson, 987 F.3d 815 (9th Cir. Feb. 3, 2021), does not dictate a different outcome. In Tomczyk, we held that an illegal reentry under § 1231(a)(5) requires some form of misconduct by the noncitizen, such as “entering without inspection, entering in violation of a requirement to obtain advance consent from the Attorney General, or procuring admission by fraud.” Id. at 825. Although Antunez-Valente was waved through in a non-fraudulent manner similar to the petitioner in Tomczyk, she reentered without obtaining the advance permission of the Attorney General, as required under the terms of her prior removal order. The Form I-205 issued to her in connection with that removal in January 2000 states that she is prohibited from entering, attempting to enter, or being in the United States for a period of ten years from the date of her departure absent prior permission from the Attorney General. Because she reentered mere days after her removal and the record does not show that she obtained advance consent from the Attorney General, all the requirements for reinstatement were satisfied.

2. Antunez-Valentes remaining arguments also fail. She argues that the reinstatement of the prior removal order violated due process because she was not given an opportunity to challenge the conclusion that she reentered illegally. We have previously held that the streamlined reinstatement procedures survive any facial challenges “for patent procedural insufficiency.” Morales-Izquierdo v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 484, 496 (9th Cir. 2007) (en banc). And even assuming a due process violation, Antunez-Valente fails to show prejudice. She does not specify what evidence she would have presented to support the argument that her reentry was legal, and she refused previous opportunities to make a statement contesting reinstatement. Thus, we cannot conclude that had she received a hearing, the outcome of the reinstatement proceedings would have been different. See Perez-Garcia v. Lynch, 829 F.3d 937, 941 (8th Cir. 2016).

Finally, we reject Antunez-Valentes retroactivity argument. Section 1231(a)(5) cannot be applied to noncitizens who were removed but reentered and filed for immigration relief prior to the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts effective date of April 1, 1997. Ixcot v. Holder, 646 F.3d 1202, 1206 n.8, 1214 (9th Cir. 2011). But Antunez-Valente does not contest that her prior removal and reentry occurred after April 1, 1997, and as of that date, she did not have a pending application for asylum or any other form of immigration relief.

The governments motion to supplement the record (Dkt. No. 18) is GRANTED and Antunez-Valentes motion to transfer this case to the district court for an evidentiary hearing (Dkt. No. 20) is DENIED.

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.