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UNITED STATES v. TORRES (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.2021-08-06No. No. 20-30177

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the 70-month sentence, concluding the district court did not abuse its discretion in applying the four-level enhancement for a firearm with an altered or obliterated serial number.

Angel Torres pleaded guilty to being a felon in possession of a firearm and received a 70-month sentence. The sentencing included a four-level enhancement based on the firearm having an altered or obliterated serial number. Torres appealed, arguing the district court wrongly applied this enhancement to his case. The appellate court examined whether the serial number on Torres' firearm met the legal definition of altered or obliterated and found that scratching through the number in a way that made it difficult to read with the naked eye—visible only in certain lighting and in enhanced photographs—satisfied the requirement for the enhancement.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a scratched-through serial number qualifies as 'altered or obliterated' under sentencing guidelines
  • What degree of defacement is necessary to trigger the enhancement
  • Whether the tracing of a firearm must be made impossible or extraordinarily difficult for the enhancement to apply

Procedural posture

Torres appealed his 70-month sentence imposed following his guilty plea for felon in possession of a firearm with an altered serial number.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

MEMORANDUM **

Defendant Angel Torres (“Torres”) appeals the 70-month sentence imposed following his guilty-plea conviction for being a felon in possession of a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). He contends the district court abused its discretion by applying a four-level sentencing enhancement for possession of a firearm with “an altered or obliterated serial number.” U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(4)(B). We affirm.

“[A] firearms serial number is ‘altered or obliterated’ when it is materially changed in a way that makes accurate information less accessible.” United States v. Carter, 421 F.3d 909, 916 (9th Cir. 2005); see also id. at 912 (noting “altered” requires a lesser degree of defacement than “obliterated”). The district court did not clearly err in finding that the serial number on Torres’ firearm had been scratched through in such a manner that the number was appreciably more difficult to discern; it is not easily seen with the naked eye and is only (barely) visible in certain lighting and in enhanced and enlarged photographs. This is sufficient for the enhancement to apply: “[N]othing in the language or purpose of Guideline § 2K2.1(b)(4) suggests that the defacement must make tracing impossible or extraordinarily difficult for the enhancement to apply.” Id. at 916. As the district court held, the result would be the same whether the court applied a preponderance of the evidence or clear and convincing standard. Accordingly, the court did not abuse its discretion by applying the enhancement.

AFFIRMED.