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PETERSON v. ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR MONTANA (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.2021-05-27No. No. 19-35923

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the district court's denial of equitable tolling but reversed and remanded the judicial bias claim for reconsideration under the correct timeliness standard, as Peterson timely discovered the factual predicate for that claim.

Peterson sought federal habeas relief but the district court rejected his petition as time-barred under the one-year limitations period established by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act. Peterson argued that an amended judgment from the state trial court reset the limitations clock and that he was entitled to equitable tolling of the deadline. The appellate court determined that Peterson failed to demonstrate the extraordinary circumstances necessary to warrant equitable tolling, as he did not show that the state court misled him or that other exceptional factors prevented timely filing.

However, the appellate court found that the district court improperly analyzed Peterson's judicial bias claim by treating it as an actual innocence claim rather than evaluating it under the proper timeliness standard. Peterson had discovered the factual basis for the judicial bias claim in October 2016—specifically, information about the judge's alleged connection to the crime victim—making his February 2017 habeas petition timely on that particular claim. The court rejected Peterson's secondary argument regarding a procedural extension denial, finding no abuse of discretion since the district court had already granted two prior extensions.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether the one-year AEDPA statute of limitations was reset by an amended judgment
  • Whether Peterson qualified for equitable tolling of the habeas filing deadline
  • Whether a judicial bias claim should be measured by the discovery date of vital facts rather than as an actual innocence claim
  • Whether the district court properly denied Peterson's request for an extension to file objections

Procedural posture

Peterson appealed the district court's dismissal of his federal habeas petition as time-barred under AEDPA.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

MEMORANDUM **

Petitioner Bryce Everett Peterson (Peterson) appeals the district courts denial of his federal habeas petition as time-barred pursuant to the one-year statute of limitations imposed by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). Peterson contends that the district court erred in holding that his federal habeas petition was untimely, arguing that the one-year limitations period was reset when the state trial court issued an amended judgment that no longer required Peterson to pay restitution.

But even if the amended judgment reset the limitations period, Peterson concedes that his federal habeas petition was untimely absent equitable tolling of the limitations period.

1

And Peterson did not establish that the state trial court affirmatively misled him or that any other extraordinary circumstances prevented him from timely filing his federal habeas petition. See Milam v. Harrington, 953 F.3d 1128, 1132 (9th Cir. 2020) (stating that “[a] habeas petitioner is entitled to equitable tolling only if he shows (1) that he has been pursuing his rights diligently, and (2) that some extraordinary circumstance stood in his way and prevented timely filing”) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).

We grant Petersons request to expand the COA to consider the timeliness of his judicial bias claim. The district court erred by construing Petersons judicial bias claim as an actual innocence claim, and then determining that the claim was untimely. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(D), the district court should have measured the timeliness of Petersons judicial bias claim from “the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or claims presented could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence.” Peterson sufficiently established that he discovered the vital facts underlying his judicial bias claim in October, 2016, when he obtained information concerning the judges alleged involvement with the victim of Petersons offenses. Thus, Petersons judicial bias claim set forth in his habeas petition filed on February 17, 2017, was timely. See Ford v. Gonzalez, 683 F.3d 1230, 1235 (9th Cir. 2012) (explaining that a habeas petitioners claim is timely based on the discovery of “vital facts” that “could not have been known by the date the appellate process ended”) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, we remand the claim to the district court for further proceedings.

We deny expansion of the COA to encompass Petersons claim that the district court abused its discretion in denying his request for an extension to file objections to the magistrate judges report and recommendation because it is not debatable that the district court properly exercised its discretion. See Carter, 946 F.3d at 522. The district court denied Petersons request for a 45-day extension because it had already granted two prior extensions for Peterson to file his objections. Moreover, the district court afforded Peterson two additional weeks to file his objections in lieu of the requested forty-five day extension.

AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, and REMANDED.

FOOTNOTES

1

.   Because the timeliness of Petersons federal habeas petition hinges on equitable tolling and the state has fully briefed the issue, we grant a certificate of appealability (COA) on whether Peterson should be afforded equitable tolling. See Carter v. Davis, 946 F.3d 489, 522 (9th Cir. 2019) (per curiam) (explaining that “when a district court denies a habeas petition on procedural grounds without reaching the prisoners underlying constitutional claim, a COA can issue only if the prisoner shows that (1) jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling, and (2) jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right”) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).