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LEON VEGA v. GARLAND (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.2021-09-17No. No. 19-72411

Summary

Holding. The petition for review is denied. The court affirmed the Board of Immigration Appeals' dismissal of De Leon-Vega's appeal, upholding the denial of asylum, withholding of removal, and Convention Against Torture relief.

Marvin Amalin De Leon-Vega, a Guatemalan national, sought review of a decision denying his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture. The court examined whether De Leon-Vega established membership in a cognizable particular social group and whether his claims satisfied the legal requirements for protection. The court found that substantial evidence supported the agency's conclusions that De Leon-Vega failed to demonstrate the proposed social groups possessed the required characteristics of social distinction and that his claims lacked nexus to a protected ground.

The court also upheld the denial of Convention Against Torture relief, finding that De Leon-Vega did not show it was more likely than not that he would be tortured by or with the knowledge of the Guatemalan government upon return. The court rejected his contentions regarding incorrect legal standards, inadequate consideration of evidence, due process violations, and jurisdictional defects as either unsupported by the record or foreclosed by precedent.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether De Leon-Vega established membership in a cognizable particular social group with the requisite social distinction
  • Whether De Leon-Vega demonstrated nexus between persecution and a protected ground
  • Whether De Leon-Vega met the standard for Convention Against Torture relief
  • Whether the immigration court properly exercised jurisdiction over the proceedings

Procedural posture

The Ninth Circuit reviewed a Board of Immigration Appeals decision dismissing De Leon-Vega's appeal from an immigration judge's denial of asylum, withholding of removal, and Convention Against Torture relief.

Authorities cited

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Opinion

MEMORANDUM **

Marvin Amalin De Leon-Vega, a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal from an immigration judges decision denying his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence the agencys factual findings, including determinations regarding social distinction. Conde Quevedo v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1238, 1241-42 (9th Cir. 2020). We review de novo the legal question of whether a particular social group is cognizable, except to the extent that deference is owed to the BIAs interpretation of the governing statutes and regulations. Id. We review de novo claims of due process violations in immigration proceedings. Jiang v. Holder, 754 F.3d 733, 738 (9th Cir. 2014). We deny the petition for review.

Substantial evidence supports the agencys determination that De Leon-Vega failed to establish his proposed social groups are socially distinct. See Conde Quevedo, 947 F.3d at 1243 (substantial evidence supported the agencys determination that petitioners proposed social group was not cognizable because of the absence of society-specific evidence of social distinction). Thus, the BIA did not err in concluding that De Leon-Vega did not establish membership in a cognizable particular social group. See Reyes v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 1125, 1131 (9th Cir. 2016) (in order to demonstrate membership in a particular social group, “[t]he applicant must ‘establish that the group is (1) composed of members who share a common immutable characteristic, (2) defined with particularity, and (3) socially distinct within the society in question’ ” (quoting Matter of M-E-V-G-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 227, 237 (BIA 2014))).

Substantial evidence supports the agencys determination that De Leon-Vega did not otherwise establish nexus to a protected ground. See Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010) (an applicants “desire to be free from harassment by criminals motivated by theft or random violence ․ bears no nexus to a protected ground”).

Thus, De Leon-Vegas asylum and withholding of removal claims fail.

Substantial evidence also supports the agencys denial of CAT relief because De Leon-Vega failed to show it is more likely than not he would be tortured by or with the consent or acquiescence of the government if returned to Guatemala. See Aden v. Holder, 589 F.3d 1040, 1047 (9th Cir. 2009).

We reject as unsupported by the record De Leon-Vegas contentions that the agency applied an incorrect standard, failed to consider evidence, or otherwise erred in its analysis of his claims. De Leon-Vegas contention that the BIA violated his right to due process also fails. See Padilla-Martinez v. Holder, 770 F.3d 825, 830 (9th Cir. 2014) (“To prevail on a due-process claim, a petitioner must demonstrate both a violation of rights and prejudice.”).

De Leon-Vegas contentions that the immigration court lacked jurisdiction over his proceedings are foreclosed by Aguilar Fermin v. Barr, 958 F.3d 887, 895 (9th Cir. 2020) (“[T]he lack of time, date, and place in the NTA sent to [petitioner] did not deprive the immigration court of jurisdiction over her case.”).

The temporary stay of removal remains in place until issuance of the mandate.

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.