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UNITED STATES v. FERNANDEZ (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.2021-05-04No. No. 20-2467-cr

Summary

Holding. The district court's July 17, 2020 order denying Fernandez's motion for compassionate release under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A) is affirmed.

Juan Fernandez, a prisoner serving a 195-month sentence for drug trafficking and firearm offenses, sought compassionate release under federal law based on his medical vulnerabilities to COVID-19. The district court acknowledged that extraordinary and compelling reasons existed to justify release but ultimately denied the motion after weighing sentencing factors, including the gravity of his crimes, his minimal acceptance of responsibility, the significant variance he had already received from sentencing guidelines, and the lack of confirmed COVID-19 cases at his facility.

Fernandez appealed, contending that the district court misunderstood the testing limitations at his prison and failed to adequately consider his post-sentence rehabilitation. The appellate court rejected both arguments, finding that the district court was aware of potential testing gaps and had clearly reviewed Fernandez's rehabilitation record. The court concluded the district court's decision to deny release remained within its discretion.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether COVID-19 vulnerability constitutes extraordinary and compelling reason for sentence reduction
  • Whether lack of confirmed cases at a facility defeats compassionate release despite testing gaps
  • Whether district court must grant sentence reduction when extraordinary circumstances exist but sentencing factors weigh against release
  • Whether post-sentence rehabilitation must override other statutory considerations

Procedural posture

Fernandez appealed the district court's denial of his motion for compassionate release filed after his 2014 sentencing.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Juan Fernandez appeals from a July 17, 2020 order of the District Court (Furman, J.) denying his motion for a sentence reduction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). In 2014 the District Court sentenced Fernandez principally to a 195-month term of imprisonment for conspiring to distribute and possess with intent to distribute narcotics, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(b)(1)(A) and 846, as well as for possessing a firearm during and in relation to that drug trafficking offense, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(i). On June 25, 2020, Fernandez moved for compassionate release pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A), arguing that his medical conditions put him at high risk of severe illness or death if he were to contract COVID-19. The District Court denied the motion. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and prior record of proceedings, to which we refer only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.

The compassionate release provision, 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A), permits a defendant to bring a motion for a reduction in sentence, including release from prison, in federal district court after satisfying a statutory exhaustion requirement not at issue here. Before reducing the defendants term of imprisonment, a district court must “find[ ] that ․ extraordinary and compelling reasons warrant such a reduction.” 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). Even if “extraordinary and compelling” circumstances exist, a district court must also consider “the factors set forth in section 3553(a) to the extent that they are applicable” before granting a sentence reduction. Id. § 3582(c)(1)(A). “We typically review the denial of a motion for a discretionary sentence reduction for abuse of discretion.” United States v. Holloway, 956 F.3d 660, 664 (2d Cir. 2020).

Here, the District Court found that extraordinary and compelling reasons supported Fernandezs release. This appeal arises, however, because the District Court then considered the Section 3553(a) factors and concluded that they weighed against Fernandezs release at that time. Specifically, the District Court observed that Fernandezs crimes were serious, that he had minimized his culpability, and that he had already received a “significant downward variance from the Guidelines range.” Appx 126–27. The District Court further pointed out that Fernandez had served only about half of a sentence with a fifteen-year mandatory minimum and that granting the motion for early release could create unwarranted sentencing disparities with similarly situated defendants. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6). The District Court also noted the absence of any positive COVID-19 cases in Fernandezs correctional facility—Federal Correctional Institution Fort Dix–Low (“FCI Fort Dix–Low”).

Fernandez asserts that the District Court erred in two ways.

First, he argues that the District Court erred in concluding that FCI Fort Dix–Low was safe because there were “no positive cases” of COVID-19 in the facility. He claims that the “no positive cases” statistic really reflected the Bureau of Prisons insufficient testing of inmates at that time. But the District Court clearly understood that the lack of “positive cases” did not necessarily mean there were no cases of COVID-19 at FCI Fort Dix–Low; after all, the District Court had before it Fernandezs explicit argument to that effect. In any event, the lack of confirmed cases was merely one factor upon which the District Court relied in denying the motion for compassionate release.

1

Second, Fernandez argues that the District Court did not consider his post-sentencing rehabilitation. We are not persuaded. Fernandezs rehabilitation was thoroughly presented to the District Court, and there is no reason to think the District Court failed to consider it. See United States v. Villafuerte, 502 F.3d 204, 210 (2d Cir. 2007). Although we recognize that the District Courts conclusion fell within the range of permissible decisions and was not an abuse of discretion, we nevertheless commend Fernandezs apparent good behavior and efforts at self-improvement while incarcerated.

We have considered Fernandezs remaining arguments and conclude that they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the order of the District Court is AFFIRMED.

FOOTNOTES

1

.   While this appeal was pending, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases at FCI Fort Dix–Low increased significantly, and Fernandez sought an indicative ruling from the District Court pursuant to Rule 37(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure based on changed circumstances. United States v. Fernandez, 12-CR-445-1, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6425, *2–3 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 13, 2021). The District Court noted that the increase in COVID-19 cases at the facility made the question of release “certainly closer.” Id. at *3. Even so, the District Court denied the application because it determined that compassionate release was not warranted in view of other factors and after considering how early release would impact the aims of the original sentence. See id. at *4–5.