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PEOPLE v. CHEN (2021)

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, New York.2021-12-29No. 2012–08651

Summary

Holding. The judgment is affirmed.

On January 23, 2011, the defendant participated in a group attack on two people in Brooklyn. The male victim was punched, kicked, and stabbed repeatedly, while the female victim was punched and stabbed in the leg. The defendant and three others were arrested nearby after being identified by the female victim. A jury convicted the defendant of assault in the first degree, gang assault in the first degree, and assault in the second degree.

On appeal, the defendant challenged his conviction on several grounds. He raised an ineffective assistance of counsel claim based on matters outside the trial record, which the court determined was not appropriate for direct appeal review. The defendant also argued the evidence was insufficient to support the assault in the second degree conviction, but this argument was not properly preserved for appeal. The court nevertheless examined the evidence and found it legally sufficient and not against the weight of the evidence, as the female victim's stabbing injury required stitches, caused pain for days, and left a visible scar.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether evidence was legally sufficient to prove assault in the second degree
  • Whether verdict was against the weight of the evidence
  • Whether ineffective assistance of counsel claim is properly reviewed on direct appeal
  • Whether intent to cause physical injury can be inferred from the defendant's participation in the group attack

Procedural posture

The defendant appealed his conviction from a jury trial in Kings County Supreme Court.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

DECISION & ORDER

Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Vincent M. Del Giudice, J.), rendered August 24, 2012, convicting him of assault in the first degree, gang assault in the first degree, and assault in the second degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence.

ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.

On January 23, 2011, the defendant was one of a group of five men who attacked the two complainants as they were walking in the Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn.  During the attack, the male complainant was punched, kicked, and repeatedly stabbed while the female complainant was also punched about the head and body and stabbed once in the leg.  Shortly thereafter, the defendant and three of the other four perpetrators were apprehended a few blocks away, having been identified by the female complainant as the assailants.

The defendants claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is based on matter outside the record.  Since this claim cannot be resolved without reference to matter outside the record, a CPL 440.10 proceeding is the appropriate forum for reviewing the claim in its entirety, and we decline to review the claim on this direct appeal (see People v. Martinez–Galdamez, 193 A.D.3d 764, 765, 141 N.Y.S.3d 864;  People v. Pelzer, 189 A.D.3d 1268, 1268–1269, 134 N.Y.S.3d 222).

The defendants contention that the evidence was legally insufficient to prove his guilt of assault in the second degree is unpreserved for appellate review (see CPL 470.05[2];  People v. Jaber, 172 A.D.3d 1227, 1228, 101 N.Y.S.3d 371).  In any event, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620, 467 N.Y.S.2d 349, 454 N.E.2d 932), we find that it was legally sufficient to establish the defendants guilt of assault in the second degree beyond a reasonable doubt.  Moreover, in fulfilling our responsibility to conduct an independent review of the weight of the evidence (see CPL 470.15[5];  People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1), we nevertheless accord great deference to the jurys opportunity to view the witnesses, hear the testimony and observe demeanor (see People v. Mateo, 2 N.Y.3d 383, 410, 779 N.Y.S.2d 399, 811 N.E.2d 1053;  People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672).  Upon reviewing the record here, we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt of assault in the second degree was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v. Romero, 7 N.Y.3d 633, 826 N.Y.S.2d 163, 859 N.E.2d 902).

A person is guilty of assault in the second degree when, “with intent to cause physical injury to another person, he causes such injury to such person or to a third person” (Penal Law § 120.05[2]).  Physical injury is defined as “impairment of physical condition or substantial pain” (id. § 10.00[9]).  Here, the female complainant testified at the trial that she was taken to the hospital, where she received stitches.  She explained that, as a result of the injury, she was in pain for two or three days, limped for a couple of days, and it was hard for her to take a shower.  In addition to the complainants testimony, photographs were admitted into evidence without objection demonstrating not only that she received stitches in the emergency room on January 23, 2011, but that she still had a scar on the day she testified.  Under these circumstances, the evidence established both the impairment of the complainants physical condition (see People v. Clarke, 157 A.D.3d 616, 617, 70 N.Y.S.3d 2;  People v. Palmer, 34 A.D.3d 701, 826 N.Y.S.2d 77) and that she suffered substantial pain (see People v. Chiddick, 8 N.Y.3d 445, 447–448, 834 N.Y.S.2d 710, 866 N.E.2d 1039).

“With respect to the element of intent, ‘[a] person acts intentionally with respect to a result ․ when his [or her] conscious objective is to cause such result or to engage in such conduct’ ” (People v. Jaber, 172 A.D.3d at 1229, 101 N.Y.S.3d 371, quoting Penal Law § 15.05[1]).  “Intent can be inferred from the act itself” (People v. Bracey, 41 N.Y.2d 296, 301, 392 N.Y.S.2d 412, 360 N.E.2d 1094) as well as from the defendants conduct and the surrounding circumstances (see People v. Jaber, 172 A.D.3d at 1229, 101 N.Y.S.3d 371;  People v. Forde, 120 A.D.3d 509, 990 N.Y.S.2d 637).  Here, contrary to the defendants contention, the evidence entitled the jury to reasonably infer that the defendant acted with the requisite intent to support the conviction of assault in the second degree (see People v. Forde, 120 A.D.3d at 510, 990 N.Y.S.2d 637).

DILLON, J.P., HINDS–RADIX, CHRISTOPHER and ZAYAS, JJ., concur.