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IN RE: PROSHARES TRUST II SECURITIES LITIGATION. (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.2021-03-15No. 20-419-cv

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the district court's judgment dismissing the plaintiffs' complaint for failure to state a claim, concluding that the registration statement adequately warned investors of the risks alleged and was not misleading.

Investors in SVXY, a derivative financial product designed to gain value when market volatility decreases, sued ProShares alleging that the registration statement contained material omissions regarding the risks of the fund's own rebalancing activities. Specifically, plaintiffs claimed that ProShares failed to disclose that SVXY's conduct of buying and selling futures contracts in the VIX market could itself drive up prices and volatility, thereby harming investors. The plaintiffs brought claims under securities laws including Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and related regulations.

The district court dismissed the complaint, finding that the registration statement adequately disclosed the relevant risks to investors. On appeal, the court reviewed the dismissal de novo and agreed with the lower court's conclusion. The appellate court found that the registration statement was not misleading and contained sufficient risk warnings regarding the allegations raised by the plaintiffs, even though it focused on general market illiquidity rather than the specific risk posed by ProShares' own trading activities.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a registration statement must disclose that a fund's own rebalancing activities could drive up futures prices and harm investors
  • Whether warnings of general market illiquidity satisfy disclosure obligations when a fund's conduct may cause such illiquidity
  • Whether risk disclosures become inadequate as a fund grows and the alleged risk increases over time

Procedural posture

The appellants appealed from the district court's January 3, 2020 order granting the defendants' motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Plaintiffs-Appellants (Thomas Butler III, et al., “Butler”) appeal from the District Courts January 3, 2020 Judgment granting Defendants-Appellees’ (ProShares Trust II, et al., “ProShares”) motion to dismiss Butlers complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).

1

Butler alleged material omissions from the ProShares Registration Statement for SVXY, a derivative financial product.

2

The complaint asserts strict liability and negligence claims under: Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, 15 U.S.C. §§ 77k, 77o; Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78j(b), 78t(a), and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, 17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5; and Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. §§ 229.303(a)(3)(ii), 229.105, Items 303 and 105. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal. Butler argues that the ProShares Registration Statement failed to warn investors that SVXYs own conduct of rebalancing in an overly crowded VIX futures market could itself drive up the price of VIX futures contracts, the level of expected market volatility, and the level of the Index—thereby driving down the value of SVXY shares. He emphasizes that the ProShares Registration Statement only warns of the effects of an illiquid market, not that ProSharess rebalancing conduct could cause such illiquidity, and that ProShares should have warned investors that this risk increased significantly over time as SVXY grew. We review the dismissal of a complaint under Rule 12(b)(6) de novo.

3

“To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.”

4

We must “constru[e] the complaint liberally, accept[ ] all factual allegations as true, and draw[ ] all reasonable inferences in the plaintiffs favor.”

5

We agree with the District Court that the ProShares Registration Statement was not misleading, and adequately warned investors of the risks alleged in the complaint.

6

Substantially for the reasons stated by Judge Cote in her thorough Opinion and Order, we affirm the judgment of the District Court.

CONCLUSION

We have reviewed all of the arguments raised by Butler on appeal and find them to be without merit. For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the January 3, 2020 judgment of the District Court.

FOOTNOTES

1

.   In re ProShares Trust II Sec. Litig., No. 19-cv-886, 2020 WL 71007 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 3, 2020).

2

.   As described by the District Court, “SVXY is a derivative financial product that loses value when stock market volatility rises and gains value when the market is calm.” ProShares Trust II, 2020 WL 71007, at *1. To meet its “investment objective” of reflecting the inverse of the VIX Short-Term Futures Index (the “Index”), SVXY buys and sells futures contracts during a set “rebalancing” period at the end of the trading day. When SVXY attempted to rebalance on February 5, 2018, a day of heightened volatility, demand outstripped supply for these futures contracts, leading to a liquidity gap that caused massive investor losses. 3

.   Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152 (2d Cir. 2002).

4

.   Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).

5

.   Coal. for Competitive Elec. v. Zibelman, 906 F.3d 41, 48–49 (2d Cir. 2018) (internal quotation marks omitted). For fraud claims brought under Exchange Act Section 10(b), there is a heightened pleading standard requiring the complaint to “specify each misleading statement ․ and state with particularity facts giving rise to a strong inference that the defendant acted with the required state of mind.” City of Pontiac Policemens & Firemens Ret. Sys. v. UBS AG, 752 F.3d 173, 184 (2d Cir. 2014) (internal alterations and quotation marks omitted). 6

.   ProShares Trust II, 2020 WL 71007, at *7–9.