MEMORANDUM *
JD
1
Merrick appeals the district courts grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendants in Merricks 42 U.S.C. § 1983 prisoner civil rights action. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo, Jones v. Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 1030 (9th Cir. 2015), and affirm. Summary judgment was proper for the defendants on Merricks religious claims. To prevail on his claims, Merrick had to establish that the defendants substantially burdened his religious practices. Id. at 1031; Walker v. Beard, 789 F.3d 1125, 1134 (9th Cir. 2015). The defendants did not substantially burden Merricks religious practices by prohibiting battery-operated candles in the close-custody medical unit. At all times, Merrick was entitled to possess two electric candles. Nor did the defendants substantially burden Merricks religious practices by not providing additional assistance in ordering electric candles or limiting the use of Merricks large metal candle, which security determined could be used as a weapon, to prayer-time. Finally, defendants did not substantially burden Merricks ability to study his religion by refusing to allow him to possess or watch DVDs or possess 40 books at one time. At all times, Merrick was allowed a reasonable alternative of possessing and studying 10 books at a time.
Summary judgment was also proper for the defendants on Merricks First Amendment mail claims. The district court applied the correct legal standards. See Thornburgh v. Abbott, 490 U.S. 401, 407-15, 109 S.Ct. 1874, 104 L.Ed.2d 459 (1989) (distinguishing between incoming and outgoing mail, rejecting the Martinez standard for incoming publications, and applying the Turner standard). Merrick failed to come forward with evidence to challenge the common sense connection between the prison policies prohibiting both pen pal brochures and alteration of inmate visitation photos and the prisons asserted interests in providing security or preventing criminal activity. See Bahrampour v. Lampert, 356 F.3d 969, 973 (9th Cir. 2004) (requiring the prisoner to prove that the challenged “regulations are not reasonably related to legitimate penological interests, or that there is a genuine issue of material fact regarding the applicability of the regulations to the materials”).
Merrick failed to establish that the defendants intentionally deprived him of incoming mail from his family. Two mistaken seizures of mail from Merricks brother and the brothers girlfriend were resolved in Merricks favor in the grievance process by Defendant Monson, who confirmed that Merricks brother was not an inmate and allowed Merrick to possess the mail. To the extent Merrick claimed that the defendants acted in retaliation for a previous lawsuit, he failed to come forward with any evidence to establish that any of the defendants who handled his mail after he was transferred from another prison in the state were even aware of the lawsuit that he had filed while housed in the other prison. See Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567 (9th Cir. 2005) (requiring proof that the officer took the adverse action because the prisoner had engaged in the protected activity).
Finally, summary judgment was proper for Defendant Garcia. Nothing on the face of the letter, which was returned from the Post Office without the original envelope, indicated that the letter was legal mail or that the intended recipient was a lawyer. See Hayes v. Idaho Corr. Ctr., 849 F.3d 1204, 1211 (9th Cir. 2017) (holding that inmates “have a protected First Amendment interest in having properly marked legal mail opened in their presence”).
AFFIRMED.
FOOTNOTES
1
. Merrick uses the initials JD for his first name, without using any periods.