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SHELTON v. COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO (2021)

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.2021-06-29No. No. 20-55036, 20-55724

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the denial of leave to amend and summary judgment on the trespass claim, reversed the summary judgment on the Bane Act excessive-force claim, and vacated the summary judgment on the assault claim and the costs award, remanding for further proceedings.

Jason Shelton appealed a district court's decisions to deny him leave to amend his complaint and to grant summary judgment on several of his claims against San Bernardino County. The court found that the district judge properly refused to allow amendment because Shelton had not diligently pursued adding unknown deputies' names to his suit—waiting seven months after learning their identities, long after the scheduling deadline had passed. The court also upheld summary judgment on Shelton's trespass claim, finding insufficient evidence to create a genuine dispute for trial.

However, the court reversed the summary judgment on Shelton's Bane Act excessive-force claim. Although video footage suggested the incident may not have included the gun-pointing Shelton described, he testified that the detective aimed a firearm at him while he was unarmed, and the county conceded there was a moment when the detective was out of frame and could have raised his weapon. The court determined that under these circumstances, viewing facts favorably to Shelton, the use of force could not be deemed objectively reasonable as a matter of law. The court also vacated the summary judgment on Shelton's assault claim and the award of costs to defendants.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether the district court properly denied amendment to the complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16 based on lack of diligence
  • Whether the county was entitled to summary judgment on a trespass claim when the plaintiff failed to present sufficient evidence of a genuine factual dispute
  • Whether summary judgment was appropriate on an excessive-force claim under California's Bane Act when the defendant allegedly pointed a gun at an unarmed plaintiff

Procedural posture

The plaintiff appealed from the district court's orders denying his motion to amend his complaint and granting summary adjudication in favor of the county on multiple claims.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

MEMORANDUM *

Plaintiff Jason Shelton appeals from the district courts orders denying his request to amend his complaint and granting summary adjudication against his claims. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm in part, reverse in part, vacate in part, and remand.

Amendment. The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Shelton leave to amend his complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16’s good-cause standard, which applies because the district court had issued a case scheduling order. Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 609 (9th Cir. 1992). Even assuming that Shelton did not learn the unknown deputies’ identities until July 16, 2019, he was not diligent in seeking to amend his complaint to name these parties after learning that information. See id. (“If [the party seeking amendment] was not diligent, the inquiry should end.”). In fact, he did not move to amend until Defendants filed their dispositive motions on October 1—seven months after the scheduling orders deadline.

Trespass. The district court did not misstate California law or otherwise err in granting summary judgment for the County on Sheltons trespass claim because, after the County demonstrated a lack of admissible evidence supporting Sheltons claim, Shelton failed to “provide affidavits or other sources of evidence that set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Devereaux v. Abbey, 263 F.3d 1070, 1076 (9th Cir. 2001) (en banc) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

Californias Bane Act. The district court erred in granting summary judgment against Sheltons Bane Act claim because, viewing the disputed facts in the light most favorable to Shelton, including that Detective Hamilton aimed his gun at Shelton despite knowing that Shelton was unarmed, we cannot say that such force is objectively reasonable as a matter of law. See Robinson v. Solano Cnty., 278 F.3d 1007, 1014 (9th Cir. 2002) (en banc); see also Reese v. Cnty. of Sacramento, 888 F.3d 1030, 1044 (9th Cir. 2018) (“[T]he elements of the excessive force claim under [the Bane Act] are the same as under § 1983.” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Although Shelton did not allege in his complaint that Detective Hamilton pointed a gun at him, and the video footage of the incident nearly forecloses the possibility that this transpired at any point during the encounter, see Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 380, 127 S.Ct. 1769, 167 L.Ed.2d 686 (2007), Shelton testified that such aiming occurred and, at oral argument, the County conceded that there is a moment when Hamilton is out of frame and could have raised his gun toward Shelton.

Assault. As the district court concluded that Sheltons assault claim also failed because the force Hamilton used was objectively reasonable as a matter of law, we vacate the district courts grant of summary judgment on Sheltons assault claim. See Edson v. City of Anaheim, 63 Cal. App. 4th 1269, 1272, 74 Cal.Rptr.2d 614 (1998).

Costs. Because Defendants are no longer the prevailing party, we vacate the district courts award of costs. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d). Each party shall bear its own costs on appeal.

AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, VACATED in part, and REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this memorandum disposition.

With respect to Sheltons excessive-force claim under Californias Bane Act, the majority notes only that Detective Hamilton may have pointed a gun at Shelton, and that pointing a gun at an unarmed person can constitute excessive force. Be that as it may, even when officers use force, we must still assess whether their actions were “objectively reasonable in light of the facts and circumstances confronting them.” Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 397, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 104 L.Ed.2d 443 (1989). Here, Shelton was visibly agitated and running toward the officers’ vehicle with an object in his hand. Upon his approach, Detective Hamilton allegedly raised his gun and pointed it at Shelton for a “millisecond” before lowering it, where it remained for the rest of the encounter. Under these circumstances, and in keeping with our duty to view the situation through the eyes of a reasonable officer, “rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight,” id. at 396, 109 S.Ct. 1865, I would hold that Detective Hamiltons minimal use of force was reasonable as a matter of a law. I would therefore affirm in full the district courts order granting summary judgment in the Countys favor.

Partial Dissent by Judge CALLAHAN