The mother of T. D., B. D., and A. D. appeals from the juvenile courts order granting physical custody of the children to their father and ordering the mother to pay child support. The mother argues that insufficient evidence supported the custody modification and that the juvenile court erred by failing to consider the fathers supplemental income, by requiring the mother to pay more than half of the childrens uninsured medical expenses, and by suspending her visitation with the children pending a further hearing. We agree that the juvenile court should have considered the fathers supplemental income, and we reverse and remand for a recalculation of child support; otherwise, we affirm.
The record shows that the mother and father divorced in 2018. The superior court awarded joint legal custody of their three minor children, with the mother having primary physical custody.
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At some point thereafter, the juvenile court placed the oldest child, T. D., in the temporary custody of the father as part of a delinquency proceeding. In 2022, the father petitioned the superior court to modify custody as to all three children, alleging that the delinquency proceeding constituted a material change in circumstances. The superior court transferred the petition to juvenile court. See OCGA § 15-11-11 (3).
At the juvenile courts hearing on the modification petition, the parties presented testimony from the mother, father, and several other adult witnesses. Although no court reporter was present, the testimony of these witnesses was recorded and subsequently transcribed.
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The juvenile court also interviewed each child individually in the presence of counsel, but these conversations were neither recorded nor transcribed. Following the hearing, the juvenile court found that “there has been some physical abuse and emotional abuse of the children by the childrens mother,” that T. D. and B. D. had expressed a desire to live with the father, and that it was in the siblings’ best interest to stay together. Accordingly, the court awarded primary physical custody of all three children to the father and set a visitation schedule for the mother. The court also ordered the mother to pay $866.00 per month in child support, as well as 75 percent of the childrens medical expenses not covered by insurance.
The mother filed a motion for new trial. While that motion was pending, the father filed a motion for contempt, alleging that the mother had failed to return A. D. to his custody after her visitation. The father also filed an emergency motion to suspend the mothers visitation with B. D., alleging that police had been called after the mother beat B. D. with a belt and he fled to a neighbors house. The juvenile court entered an ex parte order suspending the mothers visitation as to both B. D. and A. D. Shortly thereafter, at the mothers request, the court continued that suspension “until further order of [the] Court.” The court also denied the mothers motion for new trial, appointed a guardian ad litem for the children, and scheduled another hearing for the following month. The mother appeals.
1. In three enumerations of error, the mother challenges the juvenile courts custody ruling, arguing that there was insufficient evidence of a material change of circumstances or that custody modification was in the childrens best interests. On the record before us, however, we must presume that the juvenile court ruled properly.
Before instituting a change in custody, a trial court must first “determine whether there has been a material change in circumstances affecting the welfare of the child since the last custody award. If so, the trial court then determines whether the childs best interests will be served by a change in custody.” Brazil v. Williams, 359 Ga. App. 487, 488 (1), 859 S.E.2d 490 (2021) (citation and punctuation omitted). On appeal, this Court remains “mindful that the Solomonic task of assigning the custody of children lies squarely upon the shoulders of the judge who can see and hear the parties and their witnesses, observe their demeanor and attitudes, and assess their credibility.” Weickert v. Weickert, 268 Ga. App. 624, 626-627, 602 S.E.2d 337 (2004) (citation and punctuation omitted). We will affirm the trial courts decision if the record contains “any reasonable evidence” to support it. Id. at 627, 602 S.E.2d 337.
Here, the juvenile courts custody determination was based, in part, on its unrecorded interviews with the children. Without a transcript of those interviews, “we must presume that the evidence supported the trial courts ruling.” Bonds v. Bonds, 241 Ga. App. 378, 379 (2), 527 S.E.2d 215 (1999) (affirming trial courts modification of custody where there was “no transcript of the proceedings or statutorily authorized substitute”). See also Blue v. Blue, 279 Ga. 550, 550 (1), 615 S.E.2d 540 (2005) (“in the absence of a transcript of the evidence, we must presume that the evidence supports the judges findings”).
The mother argues that “unrecorded in-chamber statements of children, which are not placed on the record by the trial court, cant be used to uphold an award of custody.” In support, the mother cites authority holding that a superior court presiding over a child custody case may talk to children in chambers outside the presence of the parties and counsel if the parties do not object,
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but any statements not made on the record cannot be used to support the superior courts ruling. See Blue v. Hemmans, 327 Ga. App. 353, 360 (2), 759 S.E.2d 72 (2014) (a superior court “does not abuse its discretion in a custody case by interviewing a child alone in chambers where ․ the parties do not object or otherwise can be found to have acquiesced to such an arrangement ․ [b]ut any statements made by the child that are not on the record cannot be used to uphold the trial courts custody decision on appeal”) (citation and punctuation omitted). See also Kohler v. Kromer, 234 Ga. 117, 118, 214 S.E.2d 551 (1975); Frank v. Lake, 266 Ga. App. 60, 62 (1), 596 S.E.2d 223 (2004).
This case, however, was heard in juvenile court. Accordingly, the rules pertaining to juvenile courts apply here. See OCGA § 15-11-15 (a), (b) (where superior court transfers custody determination to juvenile court, “the juvenile court shall proceed to handle the matter in the same manner as though the action originated under” the juvenile code). We have held that juvenile courts have discretion to conduct unrecorded in-chambers interviews of child witnesses. See In the Interest of A. R., 248 Ga. App. 783, 784 (1), 546 S.E.2d 915 (2001). A party who acquiesces in this procedure in juvenile court waives a recording of the in-chambers interview, and the juvenile court may rely on testimony from the interview in issuing its ruling. See id. at 784 (2), 546 S.E.2d 915 (rejecting the appellants’ challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence in a deprivation proceeding in which the juvenile courts ruling was predicated on unrecorded testimony of the minor child).
Even if the custody ruling in this case had been made in superior court, the mother would have no cause to complain. The record shows that the decision not to record the childrens interviews in this case was made by the parties’ counsel, not by the juvenile court. When the fathers attorney indicated his wish to call T. D. as a witness at the hearing, the following exchange occurred:
[MOTHERS ATTORNEY]: Do you want [T. D.] in chambers?
THE COURT: All right․ What Im going to do, because we dont have a chambers to go into, do I? I got a room or anything?
FEMALE VOICE: The grand jury room is right here.
THE COURT: Okay. We can go into the grand jury room, but Im not gonna take the recorder, or we send everybody else out except for us and [T. D.] and the recorder. So yall make that decision.
[MOTHERS ATTORNEY]: Im okay with [T. D.] not having the recorder.
[FATHERS ATTORNEY]: Im fine with that.
THE COURT: Okay.
(Emphasis supplied.) Thus, the juvenile court gave the mothers attorney the option to record the interviews, but the attorney declined to do so. Under these circumstances, the mother did not simply acquiesce in the procedure; she chose it. It is axiomatic that “[a] party will not be heard to complain of error induced by their own conduct, nor to complain of errors expressly invited by him.” Mary Allen Realty & Mgmt. v. Harris, 354 Ga. App. 858, 862 (1), 841 S.E.2d 748 (2020) (citation and punctuation omitted). Because the mother elected not to have the childrens interviews recorded, she cannot carry her burden of showing affirmatively from the record that the juvenile courts custody ruling was error. See Quarterman v. Lee, 291 Ga. App. 603, 603-604, 662 S.E.2d 234 (2008) (“The burden is on the party alleging error to show it affirmatively by the record.”) (citation and punctuation omitted).
2. The mother also argues that the juvenile court erred by failing to include the fathers supplemental self-employment income in its child support calculation. The father testified at the hearing that his gross income from his primary employment as a plumber the prior year was $100,700.71, and that he also earned around $7,500 for “side jobs.” However, in calculating the fathers gross income, the juvenile court considered only his income from his primary employment. We agree with the mother that this was error.
In calculating child support under Georgia law, the trial courts first step is to determine each parents monthly gross income. Jackson v. Sanders, 333 Ga. App. 544, 548 (2), 773 S.E.2d 835 (2015). Gross income is “all income from any source, whether earned or unearned, including ․ income from self-employment.” Id. See OCGA § 19-6-15 (f) (1) (A) (iii). Adherence to the statutory provisions is mandatory, and the trial courts failure to consider a proven source of parental income constitutes error. See Nelson v. McKenzie, 364 Ga. App. 533, 534-535 (1), 875 S.E.2d 515 (2022). Accordingly, we reverse the juvenile courts finding regarding the fathers gross income, and we remand for a recalculation of child support. See id.
3. Next, the mother argues that the juvenile court erred by ordering her to pay 75 percent of the childrens uncovered medical expenses. We disagree.
Under Georgia law, a childs uninsured healthcare expenses “shall be the financial responsibility of both parents” and shall be divided between the parents “pro rata, unless otherwise specifically ordered by the court.” OCGA § 19-6-15 (h) (3) (A). See also OCGA § 19-6-15 (b) (10). Thus, the trial court is “authorized to allocate the [childrens] uninsured healthcare expenses at a ratio other than the parties’ pro rata share of the child support obligation[.]” Galvin v. Galvin, 288 Ga. 125, 127 (4), 702 S.E.2d 155 (2010). We review the trial courts allocation decision for abuse of discretion. See Simmons v. Simmons, 288 Ga. 670, 673 (4), 706 S.E.2d 456 (2011) (finding no abuse of discretion in the trial courts allocation of the entire cost of the childs uncovered medical expenses to the father).
At the hearing in this case, the mother testified that one of the children “has a lot of different medical needs” requiring frequent appointments with specialists, and there was evidence that another child was receiving counseling. The father expressed skepticism about the necessity of some of the childrens medical expenses. As noted, the juvenile court had individual interviews with the children, during which the court might have inquired about their healthcare needs. In the absence of a transcript of these interviews, and in view of the fathers testimony that some of the medical expenses may have been unwarranted, we cannot say that the juvenile court abused its discretion in its allocation decision.
4. Finally, the mother contends that the juvenile court erred by suspending her visitation with B. D. and A. D. until further order of the court. Again, we disagree.
As noted, after the mother filed her motion for new trial, the father filed an emergency motion to suspend the mothers visitation on the ground that she had beaten B. D. The juvenile court entered an ex parte order suspending visitation, then held a hearing on all pending motions. At the hearing, counsel for the father sought to present evidence about the mothers recent abuse of B. D. The mothers lawyer requested a continuance to subpoena her own witnesses. The mothers lawyer then told the juvenile court:
So ․ whatever you want to put in place between now and when the case can be continued for you to do what you feel like you need to do for the children to be protected, I am not prepared to go fully forward, and I dont think it is in the childrens best interest, the parties’ best interest to go forward[.]
The court responded:
I will grant your continuance, ․ but during the said continuance all three children will be with [the father] and [the mother] will have no visitation. None. She will be restrained and enjoined from going to the school. She will have no contact with said children during pendency. You understand?
The mothers lawyer said, “I understand,” without objecting to these conditions, and the court later entered a written order granting the mothers oral motion for continuance.
Thus, the mother invited the suspension of her visitation by seeking a continuance and advising the juvenile court to do “whatever you want ․ for the children to be protected.” Again, a party cannot complain of error that the party itself induced. See Mary Allen Realty & Mgmt., 354 Ga. App. at 862 (1), 841 S.E.2d 748. To the extent the mother complains that the case has been stayed pending her appeal, that issue becomes moot with the rendering of this decision.
Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
FOOTNOTES
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. The mother appealed, challenging other aspects of the divorce decree. We reversed the superior courts ruling as to the payment of certain expenses that are not at issue in this appeal, but we otherwise affirmed. See Daniel v. Daniel, 358 Ga. App. 880, 856 S.E.2d 452 (2021).
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. “[A] tape recorder [i]s a permissible means of recordation” in juvenile court. In the Interest of E. D. F., 243 Ga. App. 68, 69 (2), 532 S.E.2d 424 (2000). See OCGA § 15-11-17 (c) (proceedings in juvenile court “shall be recorded by stenographic notes or by electronic, mechanical, or other appropriate means capable of accurately capturing a full and complete record of all words spoken during the proceedings”).
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. Notably, counsel was present for the interviews of the children in this case. At the hearing on the mothers motion for new trial, her attorney attempted to summarize the evidence, including the childrens statements, but the juvenile court rejected the summary as “very creative.” R4. 7-9, 21 (quote).
Fuller, Senior Judge.
Dillard, P. J., and Brown, J., concur.