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Adrian Juergen ZAWODNIAK v. STATE of Arkansas

Arkansas Supreme Court1999-10-28No. CR 99-594
339 Ark. 663 S.W.3d 292

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the trial court's denial of the motion to dismiss, holding that the law-of-the-case doctrine barred reconsideration of the appellant's double-jeopardy arguments because they were identical to those previously rejected on appeal, evidence had not materially changed, and no basis existed for revisiting the prior adverse ruling.

Adrian Zawodniak appealed a trial court's denial of his motion to dismiss a simultaneous-possession-of-drugs-and-firearm charge on double-jeopardy grounds. This was his second appeal in the case; in the first appeal, the Arkansas Supreme Court had already rejected his identical double-jeopardy arguments (both federal and state constitutional) and determined that retrial would not violate those protections. On remand, Zawodniak renewed the same double-jeopardy challenges, and the trial court again denied dismissal.

The Supreme Court applied the law-of-the-case doctrine, which prevents reconsideration of issues decided in a prior appeal unless evidence materially changes between the two proceedings. Because Zawodniak raised identical constitutional arguments in both appeals, and no material change in evidence had occurred, the court found his renewed arguments barred from review. The prior decision rejecting the double-jeopardy claims became the binding law of the case for purposes of the retrial.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Application of law-of-the-case doctrine to preclude relitigation of constitutional claims
  • Whether retrial on simultaneous-possession charge violates federal and state double-jeopardy protections
  • Scope of law-of-the-case doctrine as applied to constitutional and statutory double-jeopardy arguments

Procedural posture

The appellant brought an interlocutory appeal from the trial court's order denying his motion to dismiss the simultaneous-possession charge on double-jeopardy grounds during retrial, following the Supreme Court's prior decision in the same case that had remanded for new trial.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

WH. “Dub” Arnold, Chief Justice.

Appellant, Adrian Juergen sticbrings e. interlocutory appeal from the Pulaski County Circuit Court’s denial of his motion to dismiss a simultaneous-possession-of-drugs-and-firearm charge, pursuant to Article 2, section 8, of the Arkansas Constitution. The instant case presents the second appeal in this matter, following our decision in State v. Zawodniak, 329 Ark. 179, 946 S.W.2d 936 (1997), cert, denied, 118 S. Ct. 1072 (1998). Accordingly, our jurisdiction is authorized pursuant to Ark. Sup. Ct. Rule 1-2 (a)(1), (7) (1999).

In 1995, Zawodniak was charged with (1) simultaneous possession of drugs and a firearm, and (2) possession of drug paraphernalia. However, following a bench trial on March 11, 1996, he was found guilty of (1) possession of a controlled substance, and (2) possession of drug paraphernalia. We held in Zawodniak that the trial court erred by engrafting an element of proof not required under the simultaneous-possession statute and by granting appellant’s directed-verdict motion with respect to that charge. Zawodniak, 329 Ark. 179, 946 S.W.2d 936 (1997).

In light of the trial court’s error in the first appeal, we also considered Zawodniak’s argument that his retrial on the simultaneous-possession charge would be barred by federal and state double-jeopardy provisions. We concluded that appellant’s retrial would not violate the double-jeopardy provisions, and we noted that retrial was warranted where the trial court applied an erroneous law because the defendant would be afforded the opportunity to obtain a fair adjudication of guilt. Zawodniak, 329 Ark. at 185, 946 S.W.2d at 939.

During the retrial in circuit court, Zawodniak again moved for dismissal on double-jeopardy grounds. After hearing arguments, Special Judge Willard J. Proctor determined that the trial court was bound by our prior decision in Zawodniak and, in an order dated February 19, 1999, denied appellant’s motion to dismiss. From that order comes the instant appeal. We find no merit in appellant’s argument, and we affirm the trial court’s decision based upon the law-of-the-case doctrine.

Law-of-the-case doctrine

Appellant’s sole point in this interlocutory appeal challenges the trial court’s denial of his motion to dismiss and, specifically, its finding that his pending felony prosecution for simultaneous possession of drugs and a firearm is not barred by the Arkansas-constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy nor by Ark. Code Ann. section 5-1-112 (Repl. 1997). See Ark. Const, art. 2, § 8. Significantly, an order denying a motion to dismiss based upon double-jeopardy considerations is an appealable decision. Edwards v. State, 328 Ark. 394, 943 S.W.2d 600 (1997); Sherman v. State, 326 Ark. 153, 931 S.W.2d 417 (1996). In the instant appeal, Zawodniak merely reargues his previous challenges to his prosecution for simultaneous possession of drugs and a firearm. He contends that a retrial would violate the protection afforded him by the Double Jeopardy Clauses of the United States and Arkansas Constitutions. The Double Jeopardy Clause protects a defendant from (1) a second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal, (2) a second prosecution for the same offense after conviction, and (3) multiple punishments for the same offense. State v. Johnson, 330 Ark. 636, 956 S.W.2d 181 (1997) (citing Edwards v. State, 328 Ark. 394, 943 S.W.2d 600 (1997) (citing Schero v. Farley, 510 U.S. 222 (1994))).

Notably, appellant concedes that he sought dismissal on identical grounds in the original appeal of this case, namely, that retrial would violate both his federal and state constitutional rights. In response to the appellant’s renewed state constitutional objections, the State contends that our review of these arguments is barred by the law-of-the-case doctrine. We agree.

The doctrine of the law of the case provides that the “decision of an appellate court establishes the law of the case for the trial upon remand and for the appellate court itself upon subsequent review.” Washington v. State, 278 Ark. 5, 7, 643 S.W.2d 255, 256 (1982) (citing Mayo v. Ark. Valley Trust Co., 137 Ark. 331, 209 S.W. 276 (1919)). Although we noted in Washington that the doctrine is not inflexible and does not absolutely preclude error, we have also held that the doctrine prevents an issue raised in a prior appeal from being raised in a subsequent appeal “unless the evidence materially varies between the two appeals.” See Washington, 278 Ark. at 7, 643 S.W.2d at 256 (citing Ferguson v. Green, 266 Ark. 556, 557, 587 S.W.2d 18 (1979)); see also Fairchild v. Norris, 317 Ark. 166, 170, 876 S.W.2d 588 (1994). We adhere to this doctrine to preserve consistency and to avoid reconsideration of matters previously decided. Fairchild, 317 Ark. at 170, 876 S.W.2d at 591. Significantly, the law-of-the-case doctrine extends to issues of constitutional law. Id. (citing Bedell v. State, 260 Ark. 401, 541 S.W.2d 297 (1976), cert, denied, 430 U.S. 931 (1977)); see also Findley v. State, 307 Ark. 53, 818 S.W.2d 242 (1991).

Although the majority in Zawodniak did not specifically address the state constitutional argument, we examined the merits of all of appellant’s double-jeopardy arguments in the first appeal, and our ruling was adverse to appellant. Moreover, Justice Newbern’s concurring opinion demonstrates that the court considered appellant’s state double-jeopardy arguments. Specifically, Justice Newbern noted that:

Mr. Zawodniak has urged that a retrial would violate his double-jeopardy rights under both the United States Constitution and the Arkansas Constitution, but he has neither argued that the latter affords greater protection than the former nor presented us with any other “independent and adequate state ground” on which to decide this case.

Zawodniak, 329 Ark. at 190, 936 S.W.2d at 942 (J. Newbern, concurring) (citing Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032 (1988)). Similarly, Justice Newbern’s comment reflects that the majority implicitly considered the merits of appellant’s statutory challenge, pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 5-1-112 (Repl. 1997). Section 5-1-112 codifies constitutional double-jeopardy principles and affords no greater protection than the constitutional prohibition.

In light of the foregoing, our consideration of identical issues in the prior appeal makes our holding in Zawodniak the law of the case as to this subsequent appeal. See Mauppin v. State, 314 Ark. 566, 567, 865 S.W.2d 270, 270 (1993); Henderson v. State, 311 Ark. 398, 401, 844 S.W.2d 360, 362 (1993). Moreover, there is neither an allegation for correction of an error nor of evidence that materially varies from the prior appeal. Zawodniak merely reargues the merits of his former constitutional challenges, which we considered and rejected. Pursuant to the law-of-the-case doctrine, we conclude that the appellant’s arguments provide no basis for relief in the instant appeal. Accordingly, we decline to reach the merits of appellant’s remaining arguments, and we affirm.