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DOROTHY MORROW v. FRED K. PORTER AND OTHERS

Minnesota Supreme Court1925-01-09No. No. 24,282
161 Minn. 396

Summary

Holding. The court reversed the judgment because the trial court erred in admitting the plaintiff's testimony that she heard conversations between her husband and her deceased father, which constituted an improper indirect attempt by a party in interest to prove the deceased's statements in violation of the dead man's statute.

Dorothy Morrow, a daughter of the deceased Henry V. Klock, sued to enforce an alleged oral agreement under which she would provide her elderly father with a home, care, and support during his lifetime in exchange for his promise to devise his Fairmont residence to her. The trial jury found that such an agreement existed and that Morrow performed her obligations, despite some interruptions in her caregiving. Morrow and her husband lived with Klock from spring 1920 until his death in December 1922, with a gap from May to October 1921 when another daughter provided care. The defendants, Klock's administrator and other heirs, appealed the trial court's denial of their motion for a new trial.

The appellate court identified a critical evidentiary problem. Under state law, Morrow, as a party to the case, was prohibited from testifying about conversations with her deceased father. However, at trial she testified that she heard conversations between her husband and her father in which he allegedly made the agreement and later reaffirmed it. By testifying that she heard what her husband testified he heard, she effectively provided indirect proof of what the deceased said—thereby circumventing the statutory bar. The court concluded this testimony should have been excluded.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether an oral agreement to devise property in exchange for lifetime care and support can be specifically enforced
  • Whether a party to litigation may circumvent the dead man's statute by testifying that she heard what a witness testified the deceased said
  • Whether the quality and difficulty of caregiving services rendered justify specific performance rather than damages

Procedural posture

The plaintiff brought an action for specific enforcement of an alleged oral contract with her deceased father; the jury found for the plaintiff, and the defendants appealed from the denial of their motion for a new trial.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Dibell, J.

Action by plaintiff, a daughter of Henry V. Klock, deceased, against Fred K. Porter, his administrator, and his heirs for the specific enforcement of an agreement to devise a residence property in Fairmont, in consideration of her furnishing him a home and care and support during his life. Whether such agreement was made, and performed by the plaintiff, was submitted to a jury. There were findings for the plaintiff and the defendants appeal from the order denying their motion for a new trial.

The deceased, Klock, was a widower 81 years of age at his death on December 9, 1922. The plaintiff and the defendants, other than the administrator, are his children. In the spring of 1920 Klock bought the residence property in controversy. The plaintiff and her husband occupied it, and cared for and supported him, with the interruptions now to be noted, until his death. For a period from May, 1921, to October, 1921, another daughter occupied the home and cared for her father. There was some disagreement or misunderstanding at the time. In October, 1921, the plaintiff moved back, and resumed the care of her father. From May to October, 1922, she cooked for ber husband in bis camp on a ditch contract some miles from tbe city, and lived there. During this period sbe and ber husband frequently drove to tbe city in their auto and attended to tbe decedent’s needs. He was very deaf, bad other infirmities, and was difficult to get along with. His care involved tbe performance of disagreeable services. Tbe evidence justifies a finding that an agreement such as is claimed was made; that when tbe plaintiff returned in tbe fall of 1921 it was reaffirmed; and that tbe plaintiff assumed a personal and domestic relation towards tbe decedent and rendered services so difficult of compensation in money as to warrant a specific performance. Colby v. Street, 146 Minn. 290, 178 N. W. 599, and cases cited; Odenbreit v. Utheim, 131 Minn. 56, 154 N. W. 741, L. R. A. 1916D, 421; Robertson v. Corcoran, 125 Minn. 118, 145 N. W. 812; Brasch v. Reeves, 124 Minn. 114, 144 N. W. 744; Haubrich v. Haubrich, 118 Minn. 394, 136 N. W. 1025. We do not fail to note that tbe period during which tbe plaintiff cared for ber father was not long, measured in years, and that there were tbe interruptions mentioned. Nevertheless, tbe evidence sustains tbe finding.

Tbe plaintiff’s husband testified to two conversations with Klock in proof of tbe agreement and its reaffirmance. His testimony was important. Both were in tbe presence of tbe plaintiff. Sbe could not give evidence “of or concerning any conversation with, or admission of,” ber deceased father. G. S. 1923, § 9817; G. S. 1913, § 8378. Tbe first conversation was in tbe fall of 1919 before tbe residence was bought. Tbe plaintiff testified as follows:

Q. “You beard your husband’s testimony about tbe conversation with your father when you lived in the Garlicb bouse in tbe fall of 1919?

A. “Yes, sir.

Q. “About buying a place for you?

A. “Yes, sir.

Mr. Allen: “We object to tbe question as calling for tbe testimony of this witness with a deceased person. Sbe is a party to this action and no right to testify to that conversation indirectly any more than sbe has directly.

The Court: “The record may stand.

Q. “Did you hear that conversation?

A. “I did.”

Same objection. Same ruling.

The second was in the fall of 1921, when plaintiff and her husband were living in the Swanson house, shortly before the plaintiff’s sister, who lived with her father from May to October, moved away and the plaintiff moved back. It is claimed that the original agreement was reaffirmed at this time. The plaintiff testified:

Q. “Did your father visit you while you lived at the Swanson house?

A. “Yes, sir, many times.

Q. “You heard your husband’s testimony here this morning as to the conversations he had with your father?

A. “Yes, sir.

Q. “When he made these visits?

A. “Yes, sir.

Q. “You heard those conversations, did you?

A. “Yes, sir.”

Mr. Allen: Object to these questions as an attempt to prove a conversation with a deceased person indirectly by a party in interest, and we move that the answer of- the defendant be stricken out on that ground.

The Court: “The motion is denied. He has not called for any conversation.”

The effect of the statute, whatever is thought of its policy, cannot be avoided by indirection. It was competent to show that the plaintiff was present when her father made the promises or agreements claimed. If the jury found the promise it might conclude that her subsequent acts were referable to it in that she accepted and performed. With the statute as it is she could not help prove the agreement. -But that is what she did. She testified that she heard the conversations to which her husband testified. A trier of fact would consider her husband’s testimony, and her own as well, in proof of the promise, and indeed both were. Her husband detailed what was said. She said that she heard said what he testified was said. The ease on this point is nearly ruled by Redding v. Godwin, 44 Minn. 355, 46 N. W. 563. It is not controlled by State Bank v. Strandberg, 148 Minn. 108, 180 N. W. 1006. There was error in admitting the plaintiffs testimony.

Order reversed.