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WILLIAMS v. THE STATE

Supreme Court of Georgia1935-05-17No. No. 10447
180 Ga. 595

Summary

Holding. The judgment of conviction is affirmed, as the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for continuance, the evidence did not support disqualification of the juror, and any instructional error was harmless.

Joe Williams was convicted of murder after a trial that proceeded despite his motion for continuance. Williams argued that his relocation to a distant jail prevented adequate consultation with counsel, that bias and threats against him warranted delay, and that his daughter's poor health necessitated postponement. The trial court denied the continuance, and Williams proceeded to trial. The following morning, after making a statement to the court and jury the previous afternoon, Williams moved for a mistrial based on allegations that a juror harbored bias and that his own voice had been too low for the court and jury to hear his statement.

The appellate court upheld the conviction, finding no abuse of discretion in denying the continuance motion. The court determined that the references to bias and prejudice were merely rumor unsupported by evidence, and that the health of a non-party relative was irrelevant. Regarding the mistrial motion, the court found that Williams failed to present adequate proof of juror bias—under precedent, at least two affidavits are required to disqualify a juror who swore under oath to impartiality. The court also rejected Williams's claim about audibility, noting that he made no effort to repeat his statement to demonstrate the problem. A minor issue with the judge's jury instruction on murder was deemed harmless error.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether denial of a continuance motion constituted abuse of discretion
  • Standard for disqualifying a seated juror based on allegations of bias
  • Whether inaudibility of defendant's statement warranted mistrial without opportunity to repeat it
  • Whether jury instruction on murder definition was harmless error

Procedural posture

The defendant was convicted of murder at trial, moved for continuance and mistrial (both denied), and appealed after his motion for new trial was overruled.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Hutcheson, Justice.

Joe Williams was tried for the offense of murder, and was convicted. Upon the call of the case for trial, the defendant urged his motion for continuance, complaining that he had been removed to a jail in a distant city and therefore was unable to confer with or talk to his lawyer to the extent that was necessary to properly prepare his case; that such removal was ordered on account of bias, prejudice, and threats said to have been made against him shortly after the offense occurred; and further, that his daughter was in bad health, and his trial at this time would cause her great mental pain and tend to shorten her life. This motion was overruled, and the case proceeded to trial. When the defendant made his statement to the court and jury, it was in the afternoon, shortly before adjournment of court for the day. On the next morning the defendant made a motion for mistrial, on the ground that one of the jurors had made biased and prejudiced statements against him, and that this fact had not come to his .knowledge until this time; and further, that while making his statement on the afternoon before, his throat became in such condition that he could not make himself heard by the court and jury. The judge remarked that he did not hear the statement, on account of its being too low; but no proof was offered as to whether or not it was heard by the jury. There was no attempt to reintroduce the defendant for the purpose of repeating his statement. He was convicted, his motion for new trial was overruled, and he excepted.

The motion for continuance was in writing. It contained several grounds. It was insisted that a continuance should be granted because the defendant was removed to another city, and he had ho opportunity to see or confer with his lawyers. According to the record, the homicide occurred on January 31, 1934. The trial was commenced on March 20, 1934. The principle of law here involved is covered by the ruling in Harris v. State, 152 Ga. 193 (108 S. E. 777), as follows: “The time to be allowed counsel to prepare for trial is in the sound discretion of the trial judge, which discretion will not be interfered with by this court, unless abused. No unusual or intricate matters of law or fact appearing, and nothing being shown as to public excitement, there was no abuse of discretion in overruling the motion for a continuance upon the ground of want of time to prepare for trial.” It is shown in the instant case that the bias or prejudice referred to was in reality mere rumor, as nothing of this kind is shown by the evidence. That part of the evidence relative to the illness of a relative, who was not a party to the case, is without merit.

In a careful investigation of the record, we find that the statement of the accused was made to the court in the afternoon, and the following morning a motion for mistrial was made by the defendant, on the ground that, in making his statement the day before, his throat was afflicted in such a way that he could not make his voice heard, and that his words- were inaudible to the court and jury. The judge stated that he did not hear the statement of the defendant, because his voice was so low, but no offer was made to reintroduce the defendant for the purpose of repeating the statement or to show the condition of his voice at that time. This ground of the motion for mistrial was without merit. It was also contended in the motion for mistrial that one of the jurors had made statements prior to the trial, showing bias and prejudice. The matter of granting a mistrial is always addressed to the trial judge, and in the case at bar the evidence introduced does not measure up to the ruling of this court, as follows: “To disqualify a juror who tried the case and swore that he had not formed and expressed an opinion, and had no bias or prejudice, and was perfectly impartial, there should be the affidavits of at least two witnesses, or what is equivalent thereto, against such oath of the juror; otherwise it is but oath against oath, and the verdict will not be set aside on the ground of the incompetency of the juror.” Coggeshall v. Park, 162 Ga. 78 (3); Waters v. State, 158 Ga. 510 (6) (123 S. E. 806).

Complaint is made that the court erred in giving the following charge to the jury: “In other words, gentlemen, murder is the intentional killing of a human being by the intentional use of a weapon in the manner that as used at the time is a weapon likely to kill, and a killing also without justification or mitigation.” In view of the fact that immediately preceding these words the judge had given the definition of murder in the language of the statute, the error, if any, was harmless.

There is no merit in the assignment of error as to repetition by the judge of the manner or form of their verdict; nor does any error appear in the assignments of error not herein specifically dealt with.

Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices concur, except Russell, O. J., and Atkinson, J., who dissent.