LAW.coLAW.co

GREGORIO T., by and through His Guardian Ad Litem JOSE T.; Xiomara T.; Maria R.; Carlos P., by and through His Guardian Ad Litem Ana P., Plaintiffs-Appellees, and California Association of Catholic Hospitals; City of Los Angeles, Plaintiffs-Intervenors, v. Pete WILSON, Governor, of the State of California; Daniel E. Lungren, Attorney General, for the State of California; Kimberly Belshe, Director, of the Department of Health Services for the State of California; Eloise Anderson, Director, of the Department of Social Services for the State of California, Defendants-Appellants; LEAGUE OF UNITED LATIN AMERICAN CITIZENS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Pete WILSON, Governor, of the State of California; Daniel E. Lungren, Attorney General, for the State of California; Kimberly Belshe, Director, of the Department of Health Services for the State of California; Eloise Anderson, Director, of the Department of Social Services for the State of California, Defendants-Appellants, and Orange Unified School District; San Diego Unified School District; William D. Dawson, Acting Superintendent of Public Instruction, for the State of California, Defendants; Barbara AYALA, a minor, by and through Her Guardian Ad Litem, Andrea Ayala, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Pete WILSON, Governor, of the State of California; Daniel E. Lungren, Attorney General, for the State of California; Kimberly Belshe, Director, of the Department of Health Services for the State of California; Eloise Anderson, Director, of the Department of Social Services for the State of California, Defendants-Appellants, and Alhambra Unified School District, Defendant; CHILDREN WHO WANT AN EDUCATION, who are undocumented in America, who will be adversely affected by California Proposition 187, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Pete WILSON, Governor, of the State of California; Daniel E. Lungren, Attorney General, for the State of California; Kimberly Belshe, Director, of the Department of Health Services for the State of California; Eloise Anderson, Director, of the Department of Social Services for the State of California, Defendants-Appellants, and Los Angeles Unified School District, Defendant

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit1995-07-14No. Nos. 95-55186, 95-55188, 95-55191 and 95-55192
59 F.3d 1002

Summary

Holding. The appellate court affirmed the district court's preliminary injunction, holding that the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to abstain from the case under Younger and Pullman abstention doctrines.

California officials appealed a district court's preliminary injunction blocking enforcement of several sections of Proposition 187. The officials argued the district court should have abstained from hearing the case under established abstention doctrines from Younger v. Harris and Railroad Comm'n v. Pullman Co. The appellate court reviewed whether the district court properly applied the law governing preliminary injunctions and abstention, rather than examining the underlying merits of the Proposition 187 challenge itself.

The court determined that the district court had applied the correct legal standards for preliminary injunctions and had not misunderstood the abstention doctrine. Although the district court chose not to abstain, this discretionary decision did not constitute an abuse of discretion or a clear error of judgment. The court emphasized that its review at the preliminary injunction stage was limited and cautioned that the parties should not interpret the decision as revealing the appellate court's views on the ultimate merits of the case.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether the district court should have abstained under Younger v. Harris
  • Whether the district court should have abstained under Railroad Comm'n v. Pullman Co.
  • Proper scope of appellate review for preliminary injunctions
  • Whether declining to abstain constituted an abuse of discretion

Procedural posture

California state officials appealed a preliminary injunction entered by the district court against implementation of Proposition 187, arguing the district court should have abstained from hearing the case.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

ORDER

Governor Pete Wilson and other officials of the State of California (State officers) appeal from the district court’s preliminary injunction against implementation and enforcement of sections 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 of Proposition 187. In a previous order, we consolidated and expedited these appeals for consideration under new Ninth Circuit Rule 3-3 (effective July 1, 1995), and retained jurisdiction for decision on the merits. See Gregorio T. v. Wilson, 54 F.3d 599 (9th Cir.1995). The State limits its arguments on appeal to whether the district court improperly entered its preliminary injunction because it is required to abstain under Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 91 S.Ct. 746, 27 L.Ed.2d 669 (1971), or Railroad Comm’n v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496, 61 S.Ct. 643, 85 L.Ed. 971 (1941).

The parties have briefed this issue as if we were to decide de novo the merits of the abstention decisions of the district court. In our earlier order, we directed their attention to Sports Form, Inc. v. United Press International, 686 F.2d 750 (9th Cir.1982) (Sports Form), to provide guidance for their briefing and so that they could be of most assistance to the court. Their briefs will be of great help to us if the district court enters a permanent injunction and it is appealed, but that is not the issue before us.

A preliminary “injunction will be reversed only if the district court relied on an erroneous legal premise or abused its discretion.” Id. at 752. We focus initially on whether the district court got the law right, that is, whether “the court [employed] the appropriate legal standards which govern the issuance of a preliminary injunction, [and] if, in applying the appropriate standards, the court misapprehended] the law with respect to the underlying issues in litigation.” Id. (citations omitted).

Thus, we do not review the underlying merits of the case. As long as the district court got the law right, “it will not be reversed simply because the appellate court would have arrived at a different result if it had applied the law to the facts of the case. Rather, the appellate court will reverse only if the district court abused its discretion.” Id.

Neither party suggests that the district court applied the wrong preliminary injunction standard. Neither party asserts that the district court misapprehended the law dealing with abstention. Rather, the State officers only assert that the law of abstention was misapplied. Thus, the only question is whether the district court abused its discretion in entering the preliminary injunction.

The State officers argue that the district court incorrectly decided whether abstention applied. But at this stage, it has not been demonstrated by the State officers that the district court abused its discretion, that is, that “there has been a clear error of judgment” or a conclusion based on “clearly erroneous findings of fact.” Id. at 752. The district court did not state that it could not abstain, but indicated only that it would not. This was not an abuse of discretion. See Turf Paradise, Inc. v. Arizona Downs, 670 F.2d 813, 818 (9th Cir.) (abstention involves discretion on exercise of court’s equity powers), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 1011, 102 S.Ct. 2308, 73 L.Ed.2d 1308 (1982).

As we stated in Sports Form:

We emphasize the ways in which review of an order granting or denying a preliminary injunction differs from review of an order involving a permanent injunction because we are persuaded that in some cases, parties appeal orders granting or denying motions for preliminary injunctions in order to ascertain the views of the appellate court on the merits of the litigation. Because of the limited scope of our review of the law applied by the district court and because the fully developed factual record may be materially different from that initially before the district court, our disposition of appeals from most preliminary injunctions may provide little guidance as to the appropriate disposition on the merits.

Sports Form, 686 F.2d at 753.

We caution the parties not to read too much into our holding. We only hold now that the district court’s application of the abstention law for purposes of a preliminary injunction was not an abuse of discretion. We need not and should not go farther in our review at this time.

AFFIRMED.