LAW.coLAW.co

McCollum v. Loveless

Supreme Court of Georgia1938-03-14No. No. 12110
185 Ga. 748

Summary

Holding. The court reversed the judgment, holding that a deed naming a non-existent entity as grantee is void for lacking a valid grantee, and therefore the defendant obtained no title through foreclosure under such a deed. The court found it was error to sustain the exception to the auditor's report and remanded for application of the auditor's original findings.

The plaintiff challenged a foreclosure proceeding initiated by the defendant, who sought to foreclose on mortgage deeds through a power of sale. The defendant's initial application to foreclose was denied in September 1934, but a similar application filed in February 1935 was granted. The central legal issue concerned whether a deed naming 'Sarah J. Mosby Estate' as grantee was valid, given that an estate is not a legally recognized person capable of taking title to property.

The court held that a deed conveying land to a non-existent person or entity is void on its face for lacking an essential element—the identification of a legal grantee. The court noted that while a promissory note payable to such an entity would be construed as payable to bearer, a real property deed requires identification of an actual person or artificial entity capable of holding title. Because the deed was defective, the defendant acquired no valid title through the foreclosure sale and therefore could not enforce the transaction.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Validity of a deed naming a non-existent entity as grantee
  • Whether foreclosure under a defective deed conveys valid title
  • Distinguishing treatment of promissory notes versus deeds to non-existent payees

Procedural posture

The case was appealed from an order sustaining exceptions to an auditor's report and rendering judgment against the plaintiff.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Per Curiam.

I. On September 19, 1934, the superior court denied an application by defendant to be permitted to foreclose his loan deeds under power of sale. On Eebruary 9, 1935, a similar application wras presented, and an order was granted permitting him to foreclose his mortgages. To the latter application the plaintiff filed a plea of res judicata, based upon the court’s ruling of September 19, 1934. The order, however, was not excepted to on this ground; and hence the contention of counsel, as asserted in the brief, that since both orders were rendered solely on a question of law, although interlocutory in their nature, the doctrine of res judicata applies, is not before us for decision.

2. Irrespective of the question whether an amendment of an exception to a finding of an auditor can be allowed more than twenty days after the filing of the report (compare Sizer v. Melton, 129 Ga. 143, 58 S. E. 1055; Faucett v. Rogers, 152 Ga. 168, 172, 108 S. E. 798), yet the allowance of the amendment is in effect a judgment of the court that the exception is amendable at that time; and such ruling, not having been excepted to, became the law of the case. Moss v. Chappell, 126 Ga. 196 (54 S. E. 968).

No. 12110.

March 14, 1938.

3. Although a note payable to “Sarah J. Mosby Estate” is payable to a non-existent person, the maker in signing it admits the existence of a payee. Code, § 14-601. Being made to a fictitious or non-existing person, it is construed to be payable to bearer. § 14-209.

4. A deed to land, wherein the grantee is “Sarah J. Mosby Estate,” is prima facie void for the reason that the instrument is apparently wanting in one of the essentials, to wit, the naming as grantee a person, or persons, either natural or artificial; and it should be so treated in the absence of equitable reasons to the contrary, or evidence to identify a person or persons intended to ’take in that name. Compare Davis v. Hollingsworth, 113 Ga. 210 (38 S. E. 827, 84 Am. St. R. 233); Miller v. Brooks, 120 Ga. 232 (47 S. E. 646) ; Clark v. Wyche, 126 Ga. 24 (54 S. E. 909); Ayer v. Chapman, 146 Ga. 608 (91 S. E. 548); Handy v. Handy, 154 Ga. 686 (2) (115 S. E. 114); Eslinger v. Herndon, 158 Ga. 823 (4) (124 S. E. 169, 900) ; Cocke v. Bank of Dawson, 180 Ga. 714 (180 S. E. 711) ; Chapman v. McPherson, 184 Ga. 613 (192 S. E. 423). See 18 C. J. 158, 174, §§ 36, 56. Under this ruling as applied to the facts of this case, it was error to sustain an exception to so much of the auditor’s report as found that defendant took no title as purchaser under the power of sale contained in the deed to “Sarah J. Mosby Estate,” and to the auditor’s further finding that the plaintiff was entitled to be credited with the rents (less certain items of expense) from the property since the date of his purchase under the power of sale; and accordingly it was error to decree that the plaintiff was indebted to defendant in the sum of $1742.24, instead of $736.52, as found by the auditor.

Judgment reversed.

All the Justices concur, except Russell, C. J., who dissents.

A. C. Corbett, for plaintiff.

J. K. Jordan and H. A. Etheridge, for defendant.