LAW.coLAW.co

Johnny SARTER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Lucille MAYS, Defendant-Appellee

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit1974-03-25No. No. 73-3013
491 F.2d 675

Summary

Holding. The district court's dismissal of the complaint was improper because critical factual questions regarding the applicability of the Consumer Credit Protection Act remained unanswered. The court reversed the dismissal and remanded the case with permission for the plaintiff to amend his complaint.

Johnny Sarter entered into a lease-sale contract with Lucille Mays in 1969 to purchase real estate for $2,000, with an initial payment of $100 and monthly installments of $40. After paying $700, Sarter sought to rescind the contract and recover his payments. The district court dismissed his complaint, concluding that the transaction fell outside the protections of the Consumer Credit Protection Act.

The appellate court found the dismissal improper. Under established pleading standards, a complaint should not be dismissed unless the plaintiff could prove no facts supporting relief. The court identified two unresolved factual questions critical to determining whether the Act applied: whether the defendant qualified as a "creditor" under the Act's definition, and whether the property was intended as the purchaser's principal residence. Because these facts remained unclear from the complaint alone, the district court could not properly determine the Act's applicability without further development of the record.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a dismissal for failure to state a claim is proper when factual questions essential to determining legal applicability remain unresolved
  • Whether a real estate transaction constitutes a consumer credit transaction subject to the Consumer Credit Protection Act's rescission provision
  • Whether the defendant qualifies as a "creditor" under the Act

Procedural posture

The appellant appeals the district court's dismissal of his complaint seeking rescission of a real estate purchase contract and recovery of payments made.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

INGRAHAM, Circuit Judge:

The district court dismissed the appellant Johnny Sarter’s complaint because “the alleged transaction does not come within the protection of the Consumer Credit Protection Act . . .,” 15 U.S.C. § 1601 (1970). The question on appeal is the propriety of this dismissal.

On September 10, 1969, Sarter agreed with the appellee Lucille Mays to purchase real estate in Jefferson County, Alabama. The terms of the agreement were embodied in a “Lease Sale Contract,” which provided that the total purchase price of $2000 was to be paid by an initial payment of $100 plus $40 a month until paid in full. After Sarter had paid $700 toward the purchase price, he notified Mays of his intention to rescind the contract; Mays did not respond to the notice. Sarter sought in the district court rescission of the agreement and a judgment against defendant for the $700 paid toward the purchase price, but the court dismissed the action, apparently without a hearing or submission of briefs.

It has long been the rule that “a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.” Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 102, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957). All that need be set forth in the complaint is a “ ‘short and plain statement of the claim’ that will give fair notice of what the plaintiff’s claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.” Id. at 47. Significantly, if the information set forth in the complaint does not adequately apprise the defendant of the nature of plaintiff’s claim, the court should allow the plaintiff to amend the pleadings to more plainly delineate the cause of action rather than dismiss the complaint. See C. Wright, Federal Practice & Procedure, § 1356, at 590-91 (1969).

Measured against these principles, the district court improperly dismissed Sarter’s complaint. The determination that the complaint did not fall within the scope of the Consumer Credit Protection Act, specifically 15 U.S.C. § 1635 authorizing rescission, depends on at least two factual questions that are unanswered in the complaint. First, the provisions of the Act apply only when the defendant is a “creditor,” defined by § 1602(f) of the Act as only those “who regularly extend, or arrange for the extension of, credit for which the payment of a finance charge is required .” Second, to fall within the rescission provision of the Act, the purchaser of real estate must have purchased property that “is used or is expected to be used as the principal residence of the customer. . . .”12 C.F.R. § 226.9 (a). Consequently, the district court could not accurately determine the applicability of the Consumer Credit Protection Act until it had additional facts to answer these questions. The complaint could have been more carefully drafted, but since it appears that plaintiff might prove a state of facts to support the claim, we reverse and remand with leave to the plaintiff to amend his complaint.

Reversed and remanded.

. It is not entirely clear from the district court’s opinion whether the motion to dismiss was granted for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b) (6) or under Rule 56 for summary judgment on the merits. Because there are no depositions, interrogatories or affidavits to consider in making a determination for summary judgment, presumably the court dismissed under Rule 12(b) (6) for failure to state a claim. In either event, our conclusion is the same. See G. Wright, Federal Practice & Procedure § 1356, at 597 (1969).