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Pylant v. The State

Supreme Court of Georgia1941-02-13No. No. 13465
191 Ga. 587

Summary

Holding. The judgment of conviction was affirmed, as the trial court properly excluded the challenged evidence, any instructional error regarding the statute of limitations was harmless given the undisputed timing of the alleged offense, and sufficient corroborating testimony supported the verdict.

In this rape prosecution, the defendant challenged several evidentiary rulings and jury instructions. The court first addressed objection procedures, finding that informal statements like "I don't see the relevancy" or bare declarations of "We object" without specific grounds do not constitute proper objections to evidence. The court also upheld the trial judge's refusal to permit cross-examination questions designed to show the young female victim had other boyfriends or that another girl had made similar accusations against a different person, concluding such testimony would not have supported the defense theory.

The court identified a technical error in the jury instruction on the statute of limitations—the judge incorrectly stated the offense need only be shown to have occurred before indictment, when the applicable law required proof it occurred within seven years. However, this error was deemed harmless because the evidence established beyond question that the offense, if committed at all, took place well within the seven-year window. Finally, the court found sufficient corroboration of the victim's testimony through other witness accounts of circumstances surrounding the alleged conduct, distinguishing the case from prior precedent requiring corroboration.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Requirements for proper objections to evidence at trial
  • Admissibility of evidence regarding victim's other sexual conduct
  • Harmless error doctrine applied to statute of limitations instruction
  • Sufficiency of corroboration for conviction in rape cases

Procedural posture

The defendant appealed his rape conviction challenging evidentiary rulings, jury instructions, and the sufficiency of corroboration.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Bell, Justice.

1. The statement by the defendant’s attorney in reference to testimony given by a witness for the State, “I don’t see the relevancy of that.” did not amount to an objection; nor did the question, “Does my brother intend to go into character?” referring to other testimony.

(а) The statement, “We object,” was insufficient as an objection to evidence, no specific ground of objection being urged.

(б) In connection with the foregoing, see Chambers v. Walker, 80 Ga. 642 (9, 10) (6 S. E. 165); Edenfield v. Brinson, 149 Ga. 377 (4) (100 S. E. 373); Annunciatio v. State, 176 Ga. 787 (5) (169 S. E. 3); Wimberly v. Toney, 175 Ga. 416 (6) (165 S. E. 257); Barrett v. Barrett, 177 Ga. 190 (3), 195 (170 S. E. 70).

2. On a prosecution for the offense of rape, where it was claimed by the State that the defendant committed the offense by having consensual sexual intercourse with a female under the age of fourteen years (the defendant’s own daughter), it was not error to refuse to allow the defendant’s attorney to ask such female on cross-examination whether she was acquainted with a named boy, or whether she did have “some boy friends;” the stated purpose of such interrogation being to show other acts of intercourse by such female. Whether or not any evidence would have been admissible for that purpose (see Latimer v. State, 188 Ga. 775, 4 S. E. 2d, 631), the testimony which the defendant sought to elicit would not have tended to establish the contention made. Nor did the court err in refusing to allow the attorney to ask the same witness whether another girl, naming her, had accused the latter’s father of “the same thing.”

’ 3. While the period of limitation in such ease is seven years (Code, § 27-601 (2)), and the judge thus erred in charging the jury that if the offense was otherwise proved it would be sufficient to show that it was committed at any time before return of the indictment, yet since the evi dence showed clearly and without dispute that if the defendant was guilty at all, the offense was committed within less than seven years before return of the indictment, the error was harmless. Compare Morris v. State, 179 Ga. 519 (176 S. E. 395).

No. 13465.

February 13, 1941.

D. F. Black and H. A. Sap-pinglon, for plaintiff in error.

Ellis G. Arnall, attorney-general, Roy Leathers, solicitor-general, Duke Davis and G. E. Gregory Jr., assistant attorneys-general, contra.

4. The conviction of the accused did not depend upon the “unsupported testimony” of the female (Ga. L. 1918, p. 259, Code, § 26-1304), but other witnesses testified to circumstances which the jury were authorized to find sufficiently corroborated her testimony. See, in this connection, Wright v. State, 184 Ga. 62, 68 (190 S. E. 663) ; Smith v. State, 189 Ga. 169, 173 (5 S. E. 2d, 762). On account of relationship of the parties and other circumstances, including explanation for delay in making complaint, the present case differs on its facts from Griffith v. State, 176 Ga. 547 (168 S. E. 235), where, although the prosecution was not based on the act of 1918, supra, it was held by four Justices that corroboration was necessary and that no sufficient corroboration appeared.

5. The evidence authorized the verdict, and the court did not err in refusing a new trial. Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices concur.