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Anna Frankel vs. Simon Frankel

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court1899-04-07
173 Mass. 214

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the decree ordering the husband to return his wife's separate property that he obtained through fraud and coercion, holding that equitable remedies remain available between spouses in cases involving separate property or property held in trust, and that contempt proceedings to enforce such decrees are coercive rather than punitive.

Anna Frankel sought to recover her separate property, which her husband Simon obtained from her through fraud and coercion. Although married women could not bring legal actions against their husbands under the applicable statute, the court concluded that equitable remedies remained available to married women in cases involving separate property or property held in trust. The court found that the husband held the money in trust for his wife's benefit, and his placement of it in a bank account in his own name did not change the equitable nature of his obligation to return it.

The husband argued that enforcing the decree through contempt proceedings would improperly punish him for conduct that could not be prosecuted as a crime. The court rejected this argument, explaining that contempt proceedings are coercive rather than punitive in nature—their purpose is to compel obedience to the court's order, not to inflict criminal punishment.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a married woman may bring an equitable action against her husband to recover separate property
  • Whether a husband holds property in trust for his wife when he receives it from her with the understanding he will deposit it for her benefit
  • Whether contempt proceedings to enforce an equitable decree constitute impermissible punishment

Procedural posture

The trial court issued a decree in favor of the wife ordering return of the money, and the husband appealed.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Morton, J.

The property which the plaintiff seeks to recover is her separate property, and was obtained from her, as the court has found, by the fraud and coercion of her husband. She cannot maintain an action at law against him, (Pub. Sts. c. 147, § 7,) and unless this bill can be maintained she will be without a remedy. That of itself is not a sufficient reason for a decree in her favor, but we think that she is entitled to the relief which she seeks. The section referred to above does not forbid suits between husband and wife, but simply provides that it shall not be construed to authorize them. It would seem, therefore, that equitable remedies may be availed of as before between husband and wife in cases where they apply. See Butler v. Butler, 16 Q. B. D. 374. Indeed, it would be strange if in the matter of equitable remedies the rights of married women have been restricted when in other respects they have been so much enlarged. Suits between husband and wife in respect to her separate estate, or matters growing out of ante-nuptial or post-nuptial contracts in marriage settlements or property held in trust for the wife’s benefit form a well established head of equitable jurisdiction. Ayer v. Ayer, 16 Pick. 327. Scott v. Rand, 115 Mass. 104. Fowle v. Torrey, 135 Mass. 87. Butler v. Butler, ubi supra. Healey v. Healey, 3 Dick. 239. Story, Eq. Jur. (10th ed.) §§ 1366 et seq. In the present case, the judge may have found, and we assume that he did find, that the defendant received the money from his wife in trust to put it in a bank for her. If lie had invested it in land in his own name, he would have held the title for her. It did not alter the case that instead he put the money in bank in his own name. In Lombard v. Morse, 155 Mass. 136, it was held that a husband could maintain a bill in equity against his wife to recover property which she had obtained from him ■by fraud shortly before and in contemplation of marriage. And in Fry v. Fry, 7 Paige, 461, referred to in Lombard v. Morse, a conveyance from the wife to the husband after marriage was set aside on the ground that it was improperly obtained by him by taking advantage of her ignorance of her rights, and her confidence in him. See Stiles v. Stiles, 14 Mich. 72, also referred to in Lombard v. Morse.

The decree orders the return of the money, and the defendant contends that, if he should be imprisoned for contempt for failing to comply with it, the effect would be to punish him for something for which he could not be punished in any other way and which would not be a crime. But the object of proceedings for contempt would be to compel obedience on the part of the defendant to the decree of the court, and not to punish him as for a crime or a violation of law. Any penalty that might be imposed would be coercive in its character, and not in any just sense a punishment. The proceedings would not therefore be open to the objection urged by the defendant. People v. Court of Oyer & Terminer, 101 N. Y. 245.

The result is that the decree must be affirmed.

So ordered.