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STATE v. WILLIAM FINLEY

Minnesota Supreme Court1943-01-29No. No. 33,310
214 Minn. 228

Summary

Holding. The judgment of conviction is affirmed. The trial court's jury instructions were not erroneous, and absent a complete appellate record containing testimony, the court presumes that evidence supported the instructions given.

A defendant convicted of operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated challenged his conviction based on alleged errors in the trial court's jury instructions. The defendant's appellate record was incomplete, containing only the judge's charge, the sentence, and the trial judge's certification—but no bill of exceptions or transcript of testimony. The defendant argued that certain portions of the charge were argumentative and prejudicial, and that the court failed to instruct the jury that they were the exclusive judges of the facts as required by statute.

The appellate court upheld the conviction. The court found that when jury instructions are facially correct and no testimony is included in the appellate record, it must be presumed that evidence at trial supported those instructions. Additionally, the court determined that the trial judge was not required to give the statutory instruction about the jury being exclusive judges of the facts because the judge did not present the facts of the case to the jury. The court also noted that the defendant made no request for this instruction and took no exception to the charge. The instruction regarding the jury's exclusion from sentencing decisions was proper and not erroneous.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether jury instructions on witness credibility were argumentative and prejudicial
  • Whether the trial court was required to instruct the jury they were exclusive judges of the facts
  • Whether failure to request a specific jury instruction constitutes reversible error
  • Whether the court properly instructed the jury not to consider punishment

Procedural posture

The defendant was convicted by jury in district court of Olmsted County and appealed on the basis of alleged errors in the court's charge to the jury.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Youngdahl, Justice.

Defendant was convicted by a jury in the district court of Olmsted county of the offense of operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. The court imposed sentence of a $100 fine or three months at hard labor in the county jail. Defendant appeals from the judgment.

The facts upon which this conviction rests are not before us. There is no bill of exceptions. The settled case includes only the court’s charge to the jury, the sentence imposed, and a certificate of the trial judge as to the correctness thereof, which the defendant prints in his brief.

Defendant’s sole assignment of error is predicated upon certain alleged errors of law in the court’s instructions to the jury. It is urged that certain of these were argumentative and prejudicial to defendant, and, further, that the court erred in failing to charge the jury that they were the exclusive judges of the facts, as required by Minn. St. 1941, § 681.08 (Mason St. 1927, § 10712).

Defendant complains that the following portion of the charge was error:

“This case depends quite largely upon a question of credibility of witnesses. One group of witnesses has said one thing and the other group has contradicted that flatly. Now, you people have met with falsehoods; you have met with mistakes and half-truths; and you have learned some lessons from that. Bring those lessons with you into the jury room and apply them to the conflict of the evidence here.

“It should not be difficult for you people to find the truth here. You should find it quickly and accurately, and be sure that you do.”

With reference to this alleged error claimed by defendant, he attempts in his brief to discuss certain portions of the testimony, even though we have not been furnished with a bill of exceptions or settled case containing the testimony. This testimony cannot be considered. County of St. Louis v. Magie, 198 Minn. 127, 269 N. W. 105. Absent a bill of exceptions or settled case containing the testimony, we must assume that there was such conflicting testimony on the part of the witnesses as to. justify the court’s instructions. In 1 Dunnell, Dig. & Supp. § 375, it is stated:

“If instructions are abstractly correct, it will be presumed that there was evidence introduced at the trial to which they were applicable, in the absence of a record containing all of the evidence. * * * It will be presumed that the evidence warranted the assumptions of fact in the charge unless the record shows the contrary.”

This rule has been consistently followed. A few citations will suffice. Andersen v. City of Minneapolis, 182 Minn. 243, 234 N. W. 289; Morrison v. Johnson, 148 Minn. 343, 181 N. W. 945; State v. Owens, 22 Minn. 238; State v. Taunt, 16 Minn. 99 (109).

Defendant also complains of the court’s failure to charge the jury that they were the exclusive judges of the facts, as required by Minn. St. 1911, § 631.08 (Mason St. 1927, § 10712), which provides:

“In charging the jury the court shall state to it all matters of law which it thinks necessary for its information in rendering a verdict and, if it shall present the facts of the case, shall, in addition, inform the jury that it is the exclusive judge of all questions of fact.”

From a reading of the charge it is clear that the court did not present the facts of the case to the jury within the meaning of this statute. Therefore the court was not required to instruct the jury that they were the exclusive judges of the facts. The statute aside, it is generally advisable to give this instruction. Further, the record before us is silent as to any request by defendant that such an instruction be given, nor were exceptions taken to the charge in its present form. It is a well settled rule that failure of the court to give a specific instruction, in the absence of a request, is not reversible error. This rule applies to criminal as well as civil cases. 2 Dunnell, Dig. § 2479(b), provides:

“If the court reviews the evidence the defendant is entitled to a charge that the jury are the exclusive judges of all questions of fact, but a failure to make such a charge is not a ground for a new trial in the absence of a timely request.”

See State v. Sailor, 130 Minn. 84, 153 N. W. 271; State v. McCarthy, 159 Minn. 48, 197 N. W. 961; State v. Zempel, 103 Minn. 428, 115 N. W. 275. In connection with this rule, however, we wish to point out the statement of the court in State v. Sailor, 130 Minn. 90, 153 N. W. 271, 273, supra, as follows:

“We do not say that in no case will this court give relief where there has been a failure to protect the interests of a defendant. A case may arise where the court so fails to present the case to the jury that unmistaken prejudice results. In such a case this court is not without power to remedy a wrong clearly done.”

Defendant further claims error because of the court’s comment on punishment in the following language:

“You will not consider what, if any, punishment shall be inflicted upon this man. If he is found guilty that disagreeable task of sentencing him will fall upon the court, but the court will have a lot more information about him than you have now; so you will not let that bother you in the slightest degree.”

The responsibility of imposing punishment upon a defendant in a criminal case rests exclusively with the court. The jury go outside their province as triers of the facts if they include the matter of punishment in their deliberations. It was not error on the part of the court so to instruct. It is proper in criminal cases to admonish the jury that in the event of a verdict of guilty their responsibilities as triers of the facts do not extend to a consideration of the punishment. 6 Dunnell, Dig. & Supp. § 9789; see also State v. Brinkhaus, 34 Minn. 285, 25 N. W. 642.

While the court’s charge in this case is incomplete and somewhat argumentative, we are satisfied, absent a bill of exceptions or settled case containing the testimony, that the charge did not prejudice the rights of defendant nor prevent him from having a fair trial.

Judgment affirmed.