LAW.coLAW.co

JOSEY v. THE STATE

Supreme Court of Georgia1943-11-10No. No. 14693
197 Ga. 82

Summary

Holding. The judgment is affirmed. The verdict was legally sufficient to support a murder conviction because the evidence permitted the jury to find that the defendant's deliberate and reckless conduct evidenced a wanton state of mind equivalent to the specific intent to kill.

The defendant was convicted of murder in connection with a fatal automobile collision. He moved for a new trial arguing that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. The trial court denied the motion, and the defendant appealed. The appellate court noted that while trial judges have authority to grant new trials based on the weight of evidence, appellate review is limited to questions of legal sufficiency—that is, whether any rational jury could have reached the verdict based on the evidence presented.

The court found sufficient evidence to support the murder conviction. The jury could reasonably have inferred from the facts that the defendant, having consumed alcohol earlier that day, deliberately or recklessly drove his automobile at approximately twenty miles per hour directly into a column of marching troops on a well-lit city street without warning, braking, or attempting to avoid them, striking ten to fifteen individuals and ultimately killing one person who was at least forty feet from the rear of the group. The court held that such conduct demonstrated a wanton and reckless state of mind equivalent to the specific intent required for murder.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Distinction between appellate review for legal sufficiency versus trial court review for weight of evidence
  • Whether reckless and wanton conduct can constitute implied intent to kill for purposes of murder
  • Sufficiency of evidence to support murder verdict in vehicular homicide case

Procedural posture

The defendant appealed a murder conviction and the trial court's denial of his motion for a new trial.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Grice, Justice.

One of the grounds of the motion for new trial is that the verdict is strongly and decidedly against the weight of the evidence. This, however, must be addressed to the trial judge. Code, § fO-SOe. The law gives to him alone the authority to grant a new trial for such a reason. This court has no such power. “The Supreme Court . . shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors of law.” Constitution, art. 6, sec. 2, par. 5 (Code, § 2-3005). Under the general grounds usually contained in such a motion, it is a question of law whether the verdict is contrary to the evidence and without evidence to support it.. This court passes, not on the weight, but the sufficiency of the evidence. We are therefore to determine in this case whether the verdict as rendered, coming to us with the stamp of the approval of the judge, can be sustained under any view taken of the proofs submitted to the jury.

The jury could have found from the evidence in this record that the accused shortly before ten o’clock at night, after admittedly having drunk some whisky about four o’clock that afternoon, on the public streets of the City of Dawson, with electric lights shining at each street intersection, did, when about midway the block, driving, his automobile at the rate of about twenty miles an hour, with the lights on his car permitting him to see the objects directly in front of him, deliberately or recklessly run into a body of troops in front of him, marching in the same direction; that he drove through this body of men, knocking ten to fifteen of them down, and finally ran against Bridges, who was forty or more feet from the rear of the squad into whom he ran his car, killing him; that he did this without any warning, and without any effort to stop his car, or to slow down, or to drive around them, or to do anything else to avoid hitting them. The jury were authorized to regard such .conduct as evidencing a wanton and reckless state of mind which is the equivalent of a specific intention to kill, when death results as it did in the instant case, and accordingly to grade the crime as murder. Compare Marshall v. State, 59 Ga. 154; Gallery v. State, 92 Ga. 463 (17 S. E. 863); Cook v. State, 93 Ga. 200 (18 S. E. 823); Hamilton v. State, 129 Ga. 747 (59 S. E. 803). The judge gave in charge the various grades of homicide, including that of involuntary manslaughter. The jury were evidently of the opinion that the case was not one of mere negligence, but that the act of the defendant that brought about the death was done so carelessly and recklessly that the law would imply an actual intention to kill. We are not called upon to say whether, had we been in the place of the jury, we would have found the accused guilty of a lesser offense. It was their province to put their own appraisal upon the proofs submitted to them. Their verdict, from a legal standpoint, was justified; and the trial judge, in the exercise of that discretion which the law places in his hands, having denied a new trial, the judgment must be

Affirmed.

All the Justices concur, except Duckworth and Atkinson, JJ., who dissent.

dissent opinion

Atkinson, Justice.

There can be no murder without the intent to kill. The facts in this case show no such intent. While the law provides that the reckless disregard for human life may be equivalent to a specific intent to kill, still such disregard for human life must be manifested by voluntary and intentional acts, and not by mere inattention or by negligent conduct. In each case cited in the majority opinion it will be found that the act relied on to show a reckless disregard of human life was a voluntary and intentional act, and not inattention or negligent conduct. The evidence fails to show that at the time the accused drove the automobile into the crowd, which act resulted in the death of deceased, he was voluntarily driving in a manner which indicated a reckless disregard for human life. On the contrary the evidence shews that the automobile was being driven in a lawful and proper manner; and the mere fact that a person was killed does not within itself impute the. reckless disregard for human life that the law says may be the equivalent of a specific intent to kill. Justice Duckworth concurs in this dissent.