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SEWELL v. ANDERSON et al.

Supreme Court of Georgia1944-04-04No. No. 14810
197 Ga. 623

Summary

Holding. The judgment granting the motion for nonsuit is reversed because the plaintiff presented sufficient evidence of the deed maker's insanity at the time of execution to warrant submission to a jury, even though the plaintiff did not prove every allegation in his petition.

The plaintiff sought to void a deed executed by someone he claimed was mentally incompetent at the time of signing. The trial court granted the defendant's motion for nonsuit, effectively dismissing the case. The plaintiff argued on appeal that he had presented sufficient evidence of the maker's insanity to allow a jury to decide the matter.

The court addressed two main contentions raised by the defendant. First, the defendant argued that the plaintiff failed to allege or prove an offer to restore the maker's property or sanity—however, the court held that this issue had effectively been decided when the trial court overruled the general demurrer to the petition. Second, the defendant contended that the plaintiff's allegation about fraud in obtaining a subsequent declaration of restored sanity was unsupported by evidence. The court rejected this argument, explaining that a contract made by someone who was actually insane is voidable regardless of whether they were formally adjudged insane at the time or whether any later restoration judgment was fraudulently obtained. The plaintiff need only prove the maker's insanity at execution; he need not prove every allegation in his petition if the evidence establishes a sufficient basis for recovery.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a contract executed by an insane person is voidable without a prior adjudication of insanity
  • Whether the plaintiff must prove every allegation in the petition or only sufficient facts to support recovery
  • Whether the grant of a nonsuit is appropriate when evidence is disputed and goes to the jury

Procedural posture

The trial court granted defendant's motion for nonsuit, and the plaintiff appealed, challenging that grant as erroneous.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Grice, Justice.

The several rulings of law announced in the headnotes will not be.enlarged upon, since it is believed that they .are directly supported by the authorities cited in connection therewith. Some effort will be made, however, to demonstrate that, taken in connection with the preceding statement of facts, the judgment about to be rendered reversing the grant of a nonsuit is a logical sequence.

It is urged that there was no offer to restore. The petition did not allege one, and a general demurrer thereto was overruled, and that ruling is unexcepted to. We are relieved of deciding whether, under the circumstances shown by this record, it would ordinarily be necessary to restore or offer to restore, for as stated in Lawrence v. Boswell, 155 Ga. 690 (118 S. E. 45), “The general demurrer to that petition meant that the defendant raised the issue that these plaintiffs could not recover under the facts alleged. When that was •overruled the judgment overruling it decided that the plaintiffs •could recover under the facts alleged.” Moreover, no such question is raised by the exception to the grant of a nonsuit. A motion for .a nonsuit is not to determine whether the petition states a cause •of action; it merely raises the question whether or not the plaintiff has proved his case as laid, without at the same time disclosing in the evidence other undisputed facts which show that nevertheless he is not entitled to recover.

It is also pressed upon us that the plaintiff alleged that after a judgment was had to the effect that he was a lunatic, the subsequent adjudication that his sanity had been restored was obtained by a fraud upon the ordinary, and that this allegation was not supported by proof. The answer to this contention is that the petition sought to cancel a deed on the ground that at the time of its execution the maker was insane, the petition alleging in so many words that he was insane at the time the deed was executed. On the trial, there was sufficient proof on this issue to take the case to the jury. The ■ right of the plaintiff to have the deed declared void was not dependent upon any adjudication that he was insane at the time, or that the judgment thereafter entered, purporting to declare that his .sanity was restored, was obtained by fraud. The contract of an insane person, though never adjudged insane, is voidable. Warren v. Federal Land Bank of Columbia, supra, and cases there cited; Code, § 20-206. It is true that under the cited Code section a lesser burden is placed upon one seeking to attack such a deed when it is proved that its execution was after an adjudication of insanity .and the placing of his affairs in the hands of a guardian, and when the facts warrant, it may be well for a plaintiff to so allege in a ■suit of this character; but it is not an essential allegation where, ns here, the plaintiff alleges that the maker of the deed was insane at the time it was made. As was said in Garrett v. Morris, supra: “We are not aware of any decision of this court or any other court that holds that a plaintiff is to be nonsuited or dismissed because he fails to prove every allegation in his declaration or petition. If he makes out a case that will entitle him to recover, that is sufficient. We think we have shown that the plaintiff’s proof in this case was sufficient to authorize him to recover.” Since the averment now under discussion was not necessary, in view of the other allegations ■of the petition, a failure to support this particular averment by proof would not entitle thedefendant to a nonsuit.

The rulings of the trial court on which error is assigned are affirmed except as to the grant of the nonsuit. As to that, the judgment is reversed.

Judgment reversed in part, and affirmed in part.

All the Justices concur.