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BEATRICE HEINMAN v. UNITED PROPERTIES, INCORPORATED

Minnesota Supreme Court1941-05-23No. No. 32,692
210 Minn. 343

Summary

Holding. The judgment is affirmed. The jury properly determined that the landlord was negligent in maintaining a defective stairway, and the plaintiff's choice to use the rear stairway—one of two regular means of access—did not constitute contributory negligence as a matter of law.

A tenant in a second-floor apartment was injured when her high-heel shoe caught in a crack on the second step of a rear stairway in her landlord's building, causing her heel to break off and her to fall. The crack ran completely through the concrete step, was filled with some substance, and created a height difference of about half an inch between the two sides. The defendant landlord moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict after the jury awarded the plaintiff $125.

The court held that the landlord owed a duty to maintain the common stairway in reasonable repair, making negligence a factual question for the jury rather than a matter of law. Regarding the defendant's claim that the plaintiff was contributorily negligent for choosing to use the rear stairway instead of a front stairway, the court found this argument inapplicable because both stairways were regular means of access for tenants. The rear stairway was not obviously dangerous as a matter of law, distinguishing this case from precedent where a plaintiff chose an obviously unsafe route when a safe alternative was clearly available.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Landlord's duty to maintain common stairways in reasonable repair
  • Whether a defective crack and uneven step surface created a jury question on negligence
  • Whether plaintiff was contributorily negligent for using one of two regular stairways

Procedural posture

The plaintiff obtained a jury verdict for $125 in a personal injury action; the defendant appealed after the trial court denied its motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Per Curiam.

In an action for personal injuries plaintiff recovered a verdict for $125. Defendant moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. The appeal is from the judgment.

Plaintiff was a tenant of a small apartment on the second floor of defendant’s building. The first floor was divided into stores, the second into apartments.

There were two regular stairways for the use of the tenants of the apartments. One led down to an entrance which opened onto a street. The other led doAvn to an open court behind the building.

The two bottom steps of the rear stairway were made of concrete. The rest of the stairway was built of wood. About midway between the ends of the second step there was a crack which extended all the way through. The crack ivas about one-eighth to one-half inch in width and had been filled in with “some substance.” On one side of the crack the step was about one-half inch higher than on the other.

On the night of September 8, 1939, plaintiff descended the rear stairway to go to a near-by grocery store to purchase some milk. She wore at the time a pair of high-heel shoes. The heel of one shoe caught in the crack on the second step with the result that the heel came off and plaintiff fell, sustaining the injuries complained of.

There was much contradiction in the testimony. The trial court had the jury view the locus at the request of the parties.

On the appeal, defendant contends that negligence ivas not shown and that contributory negligence appears as a matter of law.

The stairway, being one for the use of defendant’s tenants, was a common stairway in the landlord’s possession, which he was bound to exercise reasonable care to keep in repair. Farley v. Byers, 106 Minn. 260, 118 N. W. 1023, 130 A. S. R. 613. The crack in the stair and its uneven surface might be dangerous to those using the step. The hazards, if any, incident to the use of the step were of defendant’s creation and maintenance. Negligence was a fact question for the jury. Klugman v. Schwartz, 186 Minn. 139, 242 N. W. 625.

The claim that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence is based upon the proposition that she had a choice of two stairways, the one to the front, which was safe, and the one to the rear, which was unsafe, and that she Avas negligent in choosing the unsafe one. Defendant relies on Johnston v. Tourangeau, 193 Minn. 635, 259 N. W. 187. In that case the front steps were the regular means of ingress- and egress. There was a rear stairway, AAhich Avas not a regular means of ingress and egress. Plaintiff there was injured while attempting to leave the building by the rear stairway, which was not lighted, and in doing so tripped and fell over a broom. It appeared that the rear stairway was obviously dangerous, and plaintiff was held guilty of contributory negligence for selecting an obviously dangerous egress when a safe one was available to him. In the instant case it was for the jury to say whether or not both stairways were regular means of ingress and egress. The rear stairway here was not obviously dangerous. Plaintiff did not choose between an obviously dangerous stairway and a safe one as a matter of law. This distinction was pointed out in Jewell v. Blanchett Inv. Co. 199 Minn. 267, 271 N. W. 461, where the plaintiff was injured while using a side stairway in a hotel which had a front stairway. Both stairways were for the regular use of the hotel guests. We there held that the Tourangeau case was not in point for the reason, among others, that plaintiff there was injured on a stairway which was not a regular means of ingress and egress and. that the rule laid down there was not applicable where the plaintiff ivas injured on a stairway which was one of two regular means of ingress and egress. The Blanchett rather than the Tourangeau case controls decision here. Whether or not plaintiff was contributorily negligent was a question for the jury. Soper v. Erickson, 172 Minn. 377, 215 N. W. 865.

The issues were fully and fairly tried, and the evidence sustains the verdict.

Affirmed.