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Reece v. The State

Supreme Court of Georgia1952-01-29No. No. 17721
208 Ga. 690

Summary

Holding. The trial court properly denied Reece's extraordinary motion for new trial because jurors cannot impeach their own verdict through affidavits regarding their disqualification, and the trial judge's factual finding that no disqualifying relationship existed between the juror and prosecutor was supported by evidence and binding on appeal. The judgment is affirmed.

Pat Reece was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. After his conviction was affirmed on direct appeal, he filed an extraordinary motion for a new trial based on two claims: first, that two jurors were disqualified because they opposed capital punishment and did not understand what that term meant when questioned during jury selection; and second, that another juror was disqualified because he was related to the prosecutor within a prohibited degree. Reece supported these claims with affidavits from the jurors themselves and evidence regarding the alleged family relationship. The trial court denied the motion, and Reece appealed.

The court held that jurors cannot impeach their own verdict by testifying or providing affidavits about their own incompetency or disqualification. This rule is grounded in public policy and applies even when such affidavits are admitted into evidence without objection. Regarding the claim about the juror's relationship to the prosecutor, the trial judge acts as the exclusive finder of fact when conflicting evidence is presented. Since the state presented evidence contradicting Reece's claims of a family relationship, the trial judge was authorized to reject Reece's position, and the court will not overturn that factual finding when any evidence supports it.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether jurors may impeach their verdict by affidavit regarding their own disqualification
  • Whether juror opposition to capital punishment requires jury disqualification
  • Whether a juror's family relationship to the prosecutor requires a new trial
  • Standard of review for trial judge factual findings in extraordinary motions for new trial

Procedural posture

Reece appealed the trial court's denial of his extraordinary motion for new trial filed after his murder conviction and affirmance on direct appeal.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Candler, Justice.

Pat Reece was indicted, by a grand jury in the Superior Court of White County, for murder, convicted of that offense without any recommendation, and was sentenced to be electrocuted. His conviction was affirmed by this court on June 11, 1951, and a motion for rehearing was denied July 10, 1951. Reece v. State, 208 Ga. 165 (66 S. E. 2d, 133). On September 15, 1951, he filed an extraordinary motion for new trial on two grounds. His first ground alleges that the verdict is illegal and void because Lester Shelnut and Robert T. Palmer, two of the jurors who convicted him, were legally disqualified and incom petent to serve because they were conscientiously opposed to capital punishment in murder cases, and did not know, when questioned on voir dire as to their respective qualification and competency as jurors, what the term “capital punishment” meant. The other ground alleges that the verdict is illegal and void because another juror, A. C. Helton, was likewise legally disqualified and incompetent to serve as a juror because he is a third cousin to the prosecutor, Andrew Fields, and therefore related to him within the degree of relationship prohibited by Code § 59-716. In support of the first ground, and as sole proof thereof, the movant attached to his extraordinary motion, and on the hearing of it introduced as evidence, separate affidavits by the jurors Shelnut and Palmer, in which they said in substance: that they were, at the time they qualified and served as jurors on the movant’s trial for murder, conscientiously opposed to capital punishment for the offense of murder; that they did not know, when examined as to their qualification and competency as jurors for the trial of the movant’s case, what the term “capital punishment” meant, and that, had they known the import and legal effect of their verdict, they would not have agreed to it. In support of the other ground, the movant likewise attached to his extraordinary motion, and on the hearing of it introduced as evidence, affidavits which tended to show that the juror Helton and the prosecutor Fields, because of the latter’s marriage to Belle Helton, are and were at the time of the movant’s trial related to each other by affinity within the sixth degree, as computed according to the civil law. As to this, the State made a counter-showing and introduced witnesses who testified that the juror Helton and the prosecutor Fields are not related in any degree to each other, by affinity or otherwise; and that the juror Helton and Belle Helton Fields, wife of the prosecutor Fields, are members of separate and unrelated families. The movant’s extraordinary motion for new trial is not challenged as to form or as to any requirement of the Code; it is contested solely on its merits, and the exception here is to a judgment overruling it and refusing to grant the movant a new trial. Held:

1. It is well settled, as a matter of public policy, that a juror will not be heard to impeach his verdict by showing his own incompetency or disqualification. Code, § 110rl09; Bowden v. State, 126 Ga. 578 (1) (55 S. E. 499); Atlanta Coach Co. v. Cobb, 178 Ga. 544, 552 (174 S. E. 131); Peagler v. Huey, 183 Ga. 677 (3) (188 S. E. 906); Gossett v. State, 203 Ga. 692 (48 S. E. 2d, 71); Williams v. State, 206 Ga. 757 (58 S. E. 2d, 840); and the several cases there cited. The case at bar -falls squarely within and is therefore controlled by the rule announced above; and the motion to review and overrule the above-cited cases is expressly denied. But, since the jurors’ affidavits in this ease were admitted in evidence without objection, it is argued by counsel for the plaintiff in error that they have probative value as evidence and require the grant of a new trial. We do not think so. “The judge of the superior court has no legal power to receive or hear affidavits of jurors to impeach their verdict.” City Council of Augusta v. Hudson, 94 Ga. 135 (21 S. E. 289).

2. When, as in this case, an extraordinary motion for new trial is made on the ground that the verdict is illegal and void because one of the jurors rendering it was disqualified and incompetent to serve because he was related to the prosecutor within the degree of relationship prohibited by Code § 59-716, and on the hearing affidavits are introduced by the movant tending to establish the sufficiency of that ground, and, on a counter-showing made by the State, evidence is introduced to the effect that no such relationship existed, the judge passing on the motion becomes‘and is the exclusive trior of the fact in controversy, and this court will not interfere with his decision on that issue when there is any evidence to support his finding. Buchanan v. State, 118 Ga. 751 (9) (45 S. E. 607); Berrong v. State, 180 Ga. 622 (180 S. E. 105); Garrett v. State, 203 Ga. 756 (48 S. E. 2d, 377). In this case, the trial judge was fully authorized to find from the evidence that the juror and the prosecutor were not related within the prohibited degree, if at all.

No. 17721.

Submitted January 15, 1952

Decided January 29, 1952

Rehearing denied February 14, 1952.

Jack G. Tarpley, Herbert B. Kimzey, Irwin B. Kimzey, Kimzey & Kimzey, for plaintiff in error.

Eugene Cook, Attorney-General, Jeff C. Wayne, Solicitor-General, H. Grady Simmons, Assistant Attorney-General, S. O. Smith Jr., contra.

3. It follows from what has been held in the two preceding notes that the trial judge did not err, as contended, in refusing to grant a new trial in this case on the movant’s extraordinary motion therefor.

Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices concur.