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Harris v. Abney

Supreme Court of Georgia1951-11-15No. No. 17586
208 Ga. 518

Summary

Holding. The judgment is reversed. The court held that the property description was too indefinite to support specific performance, the lessor was not estopped from asserting the lease's invalidity despite accepting some rent, and the vague compensation terms provided insufficient basis to conclude the contract was fair and equitable in conscience.

A lessee sought specific performance of a lease renewal right for land allegedly located in Chattooga County, Georgia. The lease description identified the property only by reference to nearby landmarks and adjacent parcels without specifying precise boundaries or dimensions, making it impossible to identify exactly which land was intended. The court determined this description was too vague to support an order requiring the lessor to convey possession.

The lessee argued the lessor should be prevented from challenging the lease's validity based on estoppel principles, claiming the lessor had accepted rent payments under the agreement. The court rejected this argument, finding that mere acceptance of rent under an invalid lease does not constitute estoppel without additional elements such as intentional misrepresentation and detrimental reliance. Additionally, the lease's compensation structure—a percentage of passenger revenue rather than a fixed monetary amount—raised concerns about fairness and enforceability. The court found no basis in the pleadings or evidence to determine whether the rental terms were just and equitable.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Sufficiency of property description in lease
  • Whether acceptance of rent constitutes estoppel to challenge lease validity
  • Requirements for estoppel by conduct in real property matters
  • Fairness and enforceability of contingent rental compensation

Procedural posture

The lessee appealed from a judgment denying specific performance of a claimed lease renewal right.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Head, Justice.

1. A description of land as “being parts of lots of land Nos. 44 and 45 in the 6th District and 4th Section of Chattooga County, Georgia, that lie north of L. A. Harris’ [lessor] present place of business, being bounded on the east by the highway, on the north by the Walker-Chattooga County line, on the west by the L. A. Harris lands, and on the south by the lands of Drummons,” is too indefinite to support a decree for possession of the lands by the lessee in an equitable action against the lessor. No particular tract of land is referred to by a given name, nor is there anything to show how far west of the highway the line of separation should be with reference to other lands of the defendant, L. A. Harris. Kauffman v. Deese, 205 Ga. 841, 842 (2-a) (55 S. E. 2d, 358), and cases cited.

2. In the present action to require the lessor to give effect to a claimed right of renewal, the lessor is not estopped to assert the invalidity of the lease by reason of a void or insufficient description of the premises. As a general rule estoppel, to be relied upon, must be pleaded. DeVore v. Baxter, 155 Ga. 109 (116 S. E. 610); National Land & Coal Co. v. Zugar, 171 Ga. 228 (155 S. E. 7). The pleader is not required to use the word “estoppel,” where the pleaded facts are sufficient to show that estoppel is an applicable defense. Broderick v. Reid, 164 Ga. 474 (139 S. E. 18). The fact that the lessor has accepted some rents under an invalid lease is insufficient to constitute estoppel by conduct. “In order to constitute estoppel by conduct, there must concur, first, a false representation or concealment of facts; second, it must be within the knowledge of the party making the one or concealing the other; third, the person affected thereby must be ignorant of the truth; fourth, the person seeking to influence the conduct of the other must act intentionally for that purpose; and, fifth, persons complaining shall have been induced to act by reason of such conduct of the other.” Tinsley v. Rice, 105 Ga. 285, 290 (31 S. E. 174). The petition contains no allegation that the insufficient description is the result of “mutual mistake,” or ignorance or mistake on one side and fraud on the other side, and there is no prayer for reformation of the description. See Gibson v. Alford, 161 Ga. 672 (132 S. E. 442); Redmond v. Sinclair Refining Co., 204 Ga. 699, 708 (51 S. E. 2d, 409).

No. 17586.

Argued September 11, 1951

Decided November 15, 1951.

3. Mere inadequacy of price may justify a court in refusing to decree a specific performance; so also any other fact showing the contract to be unfair, or unjust, or against good conscience. Code, § 37-805. Where a petition for specific performance of an alleged lease of lands, to be used by the lessee for an airfield, does not allege any sum of money to be the fair, just, and equitable rental value of the lands, and the alleged lease provides that the lessor shall be paid “a rental in the nature of income from the passenger hauls of ten per centum of the passenger traffic, and five per centum for instructions,” there is nothing upon which to base a decision that the contract is fair, just, and equitable, and in good conscience should be performed. Coleman v. Woodland Hills Co., 196 Ga. 626 (27 S. E. 2d, 226); Jenkins v. Evans, 202 Ga. 423 (43 S. E. 2d, 501); Holliday v. Pope, 205 Ga. 301, 309 (53 S. E. 2d, 350). Especially is this true where no facts are alleged in the petition (and none are revealed by the evidence) from which the court might arrive at the fair rental value of the premises. Higdon v. Dixon, 203 Ga. 67, 71 (45 S. E. 2d, 423); Ogletree v. Ingram & LeGrand Lumber Co., 207 Ga. 333 (3) (61 S. E. 2d, 480); Hulgan v. Gledhill, 207 Ga. 349 (4) (61 S. E. 2d, 473). Under the foregoing rules, neither the pleadings nor the evidence authorized a verdict for specific performance.

Judgment reversed.

All the Justices concur.

Brinson & Davis, for plaintiff in error.

Walter B. Shaw, S. W. Farias, Earl B. Self, and T. J. Espy Jr., contra.