LAW.coLAW.co

VINTON PETROLEUM CO. OF TEXAS v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit1934-06-09No. No. 7323
71 F.2d 420

Summary

Holding. The Board of Tax Appeals properly computed the percentage depletion allowance on a per-tract basis rather than on aggregate income, and properly denied the taxpayer's attempt to deduct previously capitalized drilling expenses as current business expenses after having consistently capitalized such costs in prior years. The petition for review is denied.

Vinton Petroleum Company capitalized its drilling and development expenses from 1914 through 1929 rather than deducting them as current business expenses. During the tax years at issue (1927–1929), the company sought to change course and claim these expenditures as deductible expenses, but the Board of Tax Appeals rejected this request. The company also contested how the percentage depletion allowance should be calculated, arguing it should apply to combined gross income from all eight oil-producing tracts rather than being computed separately for each tract.

The court upheld both Board determinations. The Treasury regulations, consistently applied across multiple revenue acts, established that "the property" for depletion purposes means each separate tract or lease individually. Additionally, once a taxpayer elects a method of accounting for development costs—whether capitalizing them or expensing them currently—that election binds future years and cannot be reversed. The company chose capitalization long before the years in question and must continue that method. When a taxpayer elects percentage depletion, that deduction compensates for all depletion elements, including development costs, so the company cannot recapture those costs a second time as separate expenses.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether depletion allowance applies to aggregate gross income from multiple tracts or separately to each tract
  • Whether a taxpayer may change accounting methods mid-stream to expense previously capitalized development costs
  • Scope and binding effect of Treasury regulations on depletion computations
  • Whether percentage depletion allowance precludes additional deduction of underlying development costs

Procedural posture

The company appealed to the circuit court from adverse determinations by the Board of Tax Appeals concerning deficiency assessments for the 1927–1929 tax years.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

SIBLEY, Circuit Judge.

The petitioner, Vinton Petroleum Company of Texas, during the years 1927,1928, and 1929, produced oil from wells in Louisiana located on eight different but neighboring tracts acquired at different times, some in fee simple, some under leases. Since 1914 the company had consistently capitalized its expenditures for labor and the like in drilling wells instead of returning them as expenses in carrying on the business, and apparently did this in the returns for the years hero in question on whieh deficiency assessments were made and appeal taken to the Board of Tax Appeals. Before the Board on September 5, 1932, by supplemental petition the taxpayer sought to take credit for such expenditures made during the tax years as expenses of business, but this was denied. The Board also held that the 27% per cent, deduction for depletion whieh the taxpayer claimed for each year was to be estimated separately on the gross income from each tract of land, and not on the aggregate from all, which made a difference unfavorable to the taxpayer. 28 B. T. A. 649. These two holdings are the subject of this review.

Revenue Act 1926, § 204 (e) (2), 26 USCA § 935 (c) (2.), which introduced the percentage depletion allowance, provided: “In the ease of oil and gas wells the allowance for depletion shall be 27% per centum of the gross income from the property during the taxable year. Such allowance shall not exceed 50 per centum of the net income of the taxpayer (computed without allowance for depletion) from the property, except t"hat in no ease shall the depletion allowance be less than it would be if computed without reference to this paragraph.” That act by section 234 (a) (8), 26 USCA § 986 (a) (8), authorized the Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary to prescribe rules and regulations under which the depletion allowance was to be made. By Regulation 69, art. 221, it was provided: “In general ‘the property’ as the term is used in section 204 (e) (2) and this Article refers to the separate tracts or leases of the taxpayer.” Like statutory language was used in Revenue Act 1928, § 114 (b) (3), 26 USCA § 2114 (b) (3), and again in Revenue Act 1932, § 114 (b) (3), 26 USCA § 3114 (b) (3), and the same interpretation was followed in Regulation 74, article 241, and Regulation 77, article 221. This interpretation, whieh is reasonable and practical, must be regarded as having the approval of Congress. Brewster v. Gage, 280 U. S. 327, 337, 50 S. Ct. 315, 74 L. Ed. 457; Murphy Oil Co. v. Burnel, 287 U. S. 289, 307, 53 S. Ct. 363 , 77 L. Ed. 338.

On the second question, Regulation 69, article 223; gave the taxpayer the option to deduct drilling costs and the like as development expenses or to charge them to capital account returnable through depletion, adding: “An election once made under the provisions of this Article will control the taxpayer’s returns for all subsequent years.” The same provisions occur in Regulation 74, article 243, under the Revenue Act of 3928. This Regulation is reasonable, and is supported by Congressional noninterference in subsequent legislation. The taxpayer having elected in the development of these properties to capitalize these expenses, that method of procedure must be continued as to them. Vacillation would cause confusion. The taxpayer does not thereby lose his credits. He is to get them distributively through depletion instead of at once as expense. When he elects to take the percentage depletion, as he has the right to do touching any projiertv, that allowance covers all elements of depletion. The taxpay er cannot take out this development cost to recoup it additionally as an expense. United States v. Dakota-Montana Oil Co., 288 U. S. 459,53 S. Ct. 435, 77 L. Ed. 893.

The petition for review is denied.