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LOUISE ADLER v. INTERSTATE POWER COMPANY AND ANOTHER

Minnesota Supreme Court1930-04-17No. No. 27,849
180 Minn. 192

Summary

Holding. The court reversed the industrial commission's order denying compensation, finding that the uncontradicted medical opinion and supporting circumstances established both that death resulted from inhalation of poisonous substances from coal distillation and that this constituted an accidental injury under the workers' compensation statute.

Louise Adler's husband, Edward Adler, died in 1928 while working as a stoker at an Interstate Power Company plant in Rochester, Minnesota. Shortly after beginning work pulling a particularly difficult charge from a retort, he experienced severe headache, chest pain, nausea, and vomiting. He was taken home and died within hours. An autopsy performed by a Mayo Clinic pathologist concluded that death resulted from inhalation or injection of poisonous substances produced by the destructive distillation of coal. The industrial commission denied Adler's claim for workers' compensation.

The court found the pathologist's expert opinion credible and uncontradicted, supported by an autopsy as thorough as possible and the undisputed circumstances of the case. The court held that although the doctor could not identify the specific gas or poison involved, his reasoned professional conclusion should be accepted as establishing the cause of death in the practical administration of the workers' compensation statute. The court further determined that the evidence demonstrated an accidental injury under the statutory definition—an unexpected event happening suddenly and violently, producing injury to the body.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether expert medical opinion, though lacking identification of the specific toxic substance, suffices to establish cause of death
  • Whether inhalation of toxic fumes from workplace operations constitutes an 'accident' under the workers' compensation statute
  • Standard of proof required in workers' compensation cases involving uncontradicted expert testimony

Procedural posture

The case came before the court on certiorari to review an order of the industrial commission denying the widow's compensation claim.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Dibell, J.

Certiorari to review the order of the industrial commission denying compensation to Louise Adler, the Avidow of EdAvard F. Adler, who died while in the employ of the Interstate Power Company. The Fidelity & Casualty Company is the insurer.

On September 27, 1928, the decedent Adler was in the employ of the Interstate PowerCompany in its plant at Rochester, Minnesota, as a stoker. He commenced Avork at one o’clock in the afternoon. His first work Avas the pulling out of a charge from one of the upper retorts. The evidence is that this one was more than ordinarily a hard charge to handle and that Adler was subjected to the fumes of the coal and coke, perhaps more so than Avas usual. When he got his charge out and was about to refill he complained of a pain in his head and across his chest, and he felt sick and vomited severely. He sat doAvn on his wheelbarrow and later Avent to the basement and lay down on a lounge. A feAv hours later he was taken to his home and put in a chair from Avhich he fell in a few moments and died.

An autopsy was had. It was a thorough one. Dr. Mills, pathologist in the Mayo Clinic, who had had long experience in performing autopsiés, said that he considered the body that of the healthiest man Avhose body he had ever examined. His opinion was as follows:

“My opinion is that, anything I knoAV of the facts observed by me and those heard from the testimony of others, Edward Adler arrived at his death as a result of probably inhalation or injection of some poisonous substances, presumably derived in some way or other from the destructive distillation of coal.”

, So far as could be, all other causes than the inhalation or injection of poisonous substances coming from the distillation of coal were eliminated. The conclusion of the doctor was not disputed. No cause other than the one he assigned was suggested. If compensation is denied, the opinion reached by a competent pathologist, given with a rather definite degree of certainty, after as thorough an autopsy as could be performed, and under as favorable conditions as could be had, must go for naught and the cause of the death held unascertained. This cannot be so. It is true that the. doctor could not testify as to an exact certainty. He could not give the definite gas or poison or combination which brought the result; and it is true that he admitted under cross-examination that in reaching results there might be such a thing as conjecture or speculation. But we have fairly given his view. There is no question of credibility. The burden of proof is of course on the plaintiff, and she cannot rest a recovery merely on speculation or conjecture. In the practical administration of the compensation act the unassailed opinion of the doctor, with the uncontradicted circumstances attending supporting it, should be taken as a correct statement of the cause.

There is raised the question whether, conceding that death came from an inhalation or injection of gas or poison, it was an accident. The statute defines accident as “an unexpected or unforeseen-event, happening suddenly and violently, with or without human fault, and producing at the time injury to the physical structure of the body.” G. S. 1923 (1 Mason, 1927) § 4326(h). We think the evidence shows an accidental injury. 6 Dunnell, Minn. Dig. (2 ed.) § 10396, and cases cited.

An attorney’s fee of $75 is allowed in this court.

Order reversed.