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LORRAINE YANCOSKIE, ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE ESTATE OF FRANCIS J. YANCOSKIE, ET AL., PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS, v. DELAWARE RIVER PORT AUTHORITY, DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT

Supreme Court of New Jersey1978-11-30
78 N.J. 321

Summary

Holding. The New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed the dismissal of the case, ruling that as a matter of comity, the action should proceed exclusively in Pennsylvania because the parties were Pennsylvania residents, the accident occurred in Pennsylvania, the administratrix was appointed under Pennsylvania law, and a related action was already pending there with prior jurisdiction.

Lorraine Yancoskie brought a wrongful death action in New Jersey state court against the Delaware River Port Authority following her husband's fatal injury while working on a bridge construction project. The Authority claimed immunity under the New Jersey Tort Claims Act's notice requirements, arguing it qualified as a public entity. The trial court rejected this classification, but the Appellate Division reversed, finding the Authority was a public entity entitled to statutory protections and dismissing the case for noncompliance with notice provisions.

The New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed the dismissal but on different grounds. Rather than deciding whether the Authority constitutes a public entity under the Tort Claims Act, the court declined to exercise jurisdiction based on principles of comity between states. Because the plaintiff was a Pennsylvania resident, the injury occurred in Pennsylvania, the plaintiff was appointed administratrix under Pennsylvania law, and a parallel action was already pending in Pennsylvania, the court determined that the Pennsylvania court—having acquired jurisdiction first—should have precedence. The court emphasized that this decision did not constitute approval of the Appellate Division's characterization of the Authority as a public entity.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a bi-state agency created by interstate compact qualifies as a public entity under the New Jersey Tort Claims Act
  • Application of comity principles to determine proper jurisdiction among concurrent state actions
  • Priority between simultaneous wrongful death proceedings in different states

Procedural posture

The plaintiff appealed from the Appellate Division's reversal of the trial court's denial of summary judgment; the New Jersey Supreme Court granted certification.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Per Curiam.

Lorraine Yaneoskie instituted this action in the Superior Court against the Delaware River Port Authority (“Authority”) for monetary damages resulting from the wrongful death of her husband, Francis J. Yaneoskie. She sued as administratrix of his estate, individually, and as the natural guardian of her son, Jason Yaneoskie. The defendant Authority, a bi-state agency created by an interstate compact between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, claimed that it was entitled to the substantive and procedural protections of the New Jersey Tort Claims Act as a “public entity,” N. J. 8. A. 59 :8-CL et seq. It moved for a summary judgment on the ground that the plaintiffs had failed to comply with the ninety-day notice provision of that act. N. J. 8. A. 59:8-8. The trial court ruled that a bi-state authority did not fall within the act’s definition of a “public entity,” and denied the motion. The Appellate Division granted defendant’s motion for leave to appeal. Reasoning that the defendant was a “public entity,” the Appellate Division reversed and remanded with directions that judgment be entered in favor of the Authority since plaintiffs had not complied with the notice provisions of the Tort Claims Act. 155 N. J. Super. 1 (1977). We granted certification. 75 N. J. 609 (1978).

The factual pattern emerging from the allegations in the complaint which were admitted on the summary judgment motion is as follows: Francis J. Yaneoskie was employed on a construction project to build a bridge between Chester, Pennsylvania, and Bridgeport, New Jersey, for the Authority. On August 16, 1972 he was fatally injured when he received an electric shock and fell from the Pennsylvania side of the bridge. He was survived by his widow Lorraine and two-year-old son Jason. She was appointed adminis-tratrix of his estate by the Begister of Wills of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, on August 22, 1972.

As administratrix, individually, and as natural guardian of her son, Mrs. Yaneoskie instituted four separate suits for damages. One action commenced in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey was dismissed after the Circuit Court of Appeals found the federal court lacked subject matter jurisdiction. Yancoskie v. Delaware River Port Authority, 528 F. 2d 722 (3d Cir. 1975). A second suit brought in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania was voluntarily dismissed. In a third action in the Court of Common Pleas in Delaware County, judgment was entered in favor of the Authority on the ground that under Pennsylvania law it was immune from suit. Yancoskie v. Pavlo Eng’r Co., 62 Del. Co. 294 (C. P. 1975). This determination, affirmed in the Superior Court, 235 Pa. Super. 263, 340 A. 2d 533 (1975), has recently been reversed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, 478 Pa. 396, 387 A. 2d 41 (1978), and the matter is presently awaiting trial. As of today there are two viable actions, the one in Pennsylvania and this suit.

We believe as a matter of comity that the matter should presently proceed solely in Pennsylvania. The plaintiffs are Pennsylvania residents. The accident occurred on the Pennsylvania side of the river. Mrs. Yaneoskie has been appointed as administratrix of her husband’s estate in Pennsylvania and, in that capacity, she is prosecuting this action for a wrongful death arising under the Pennsylvania statute. Pa. Stat. Ann. tit. 12, §§ 1601-1604 (Purdon 1953), now codified at 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. §§ 5524(2), 8301 (Purdon 1978). This action was commenced on June 18, 1974, whereas the Pennsylvania suit was started in 1973. Under all these circumstances, our proper course under comity principles is not to exercise jurisdiction but to adhere to the general rule that the court which first acquires jurisdiction has precedence in the absence of special equities. Fantony v. Fantony, 21 N. J. 525, 533 (1956). Cf. Interstate Wrecking Co. v. Palisades Interstate Park Commn, 57 N. J. 342, 350-353 (1971). Accordingly, we shall affirm dismissal of this suit. However, our affirmance of the judgment of dismissal is not to be construed as an approval of the Appellate Division opinion that the Authority is a “public entity” as defined in the New Jersey Tort Claims Act. If the Pennsylvania action is not adjudicated on the merits, the plaintiffs will have leave to petition to reopen our present determination.

Affirmed.

For affirmance — Chief Justice Hughes and Justices Mountain, Sullivan, P ashman, Clieeoed, Scheeibee and Handlee — 7.

For reversal — None.