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Commonwealth vs. Raphael W. Pearsall

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court1976-06-08
370 Mass. 413

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the conviction for second-degree murder, holding that the trial judge did not abuse discretion in admitting the spontaneous utterance of the four-year-old child or the in-court identification by the teenage witness, and that no basis existed to reduce the verdicts under the applicable statute.

The defendant was convicted of second-degree murder in the deaths of his estranged wife and two-year-old son. He appealed on two evidentiary grounds: the admission of a spontaneous statement made by his four-year-old son immediately after the crimes, and an in-court identification by a thirteen-year-old witness who claimed to have seen the defendant with a gun at the scene. The defendant argued that the child's competency could not be established without the child testifying in court, and that the identification was tainted by suggestive pretrial procedures.

The court found no abuse of discretion in either evidentiary ruling. The trial judge properly held a hearing to assess the four-year-old's competency before admitting the spontaneous statement, and the defendant had the opportunity to call the child to rebut it but chose not to. Regarding the identification, the defendant failed to properly preserve his objection through valid exception and did not request findings from the trial judge, leaving an inadequate record for appellate review. The court also declined to exercise its authority to reduce the verdicts to voluntary manslaughter, finding no basis in the evidence to do so.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Admissibility of spontaneous utterance by young child witness
  • Competency of child witness without in-court testimony
  • In-court identification following allegedly suggestive pretrial procedures
  • Preservation of evidentiary objections for appellate review

Procedural posture

The defendant appealed his second-degree murder conviction under statutory appellate review provisions, challenging the admission of evidence and requesting reduction of the verdict to voluntary manslaughter.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Braucher, J.

Indicted for murder in the first degree, the defendant was convicted of murder in the second degree of his estranged wife and two-year-old son. He appeals under G. L. c. 278, §§ 33A-33G, assigning error in the admission of evidence of a spontaneous utterance by his four-year-old son and of an in-court identification by a boy who was thirteen years old at the time of the crimes. We hold that there was no error, decline to disturb the convictions under § 33E, and affirm.

There was testimony to the following facts. On August 31, 1972, the defendant and his wife had been separated for a year, to his distress. One Robinson had interfered with the defendant’s attempts at reconciliation, and on one occasion had evicted the defendant at gunpoint from the house of a relative of the wife. The defendant had possession of two hand guns about five or six weeks before the crimes. Before 10 a.m. on August 31, 1972, Robinson was in the wife’s apartment in Boston with her and the two children. As he left for his office, a few blocks away, the defendant was admitted.

After about ten minutes at his office, Robinson called the wife. He heard what sounded like the telephone hitting the floor and the wife screaming for help, hung up, called the police, and ran to the apartment. Nude on the outer steps, the four-year-old said, “My Daddy just shot my mother.” Inside the locked front door of the building were the wife, shot three times, and the two-year-old, shot once. Both died. Eight .22 caliber casings were found in the area. The defendant was arrested that evening in Hyannis, and .22 caliber bullets were found in his car.

1. Spontaneous utterance. Before admitting the testi- many of Robinson to the statement of the four-year-old, the judge held a voir dire hearing at which a police officer, the child’s aunt and the defendant testified. He then ruled that the child would be competent to testify if present in court. The defendant’s attorney explained to the defendant that the only way to refute the utterance was to call the child as a witness, but the defendant refused to do so. He now contends that the child’s competency could not be demonstrated unless the child was produced in court. We think that no abuse of the judge’s discretion has been shown. As to spontaneous utterances, see Commonwealth v. McLaughlin, 364 Mass. 211, 221-225 (1973), and cases cited. As to the competency of a child witness, see Malchanoff v. Truehart, 354 Mass. 118, 120-122 (1968); Commonwealth v. Marshall, 211 Mass. 86, 90 (1912).

2. Identification. Before trial the defendant moved for an “impartial identification procedure” by lineup or modified court room procedure in regard to potential identification of the defendant by one Anthony Coty (properly Cotto), asserting that a prior identification was in a prejudicial court room situation. The motion was denied. There was no motion to suppress the prior identification or its fruits. When the witness testified at trial, the defendant objected to a question as to identification of the defendant in court the day after the crimes, and the prosecutor withdrew the question. But the witness, a boy who was thirteen years old when the crimes occurred, without objection or exception identified the defendant at trial as the man he had seen with a gun in the apartment building shortly after he heard the shots at the time of the crimes. The defendant made no request for a voir dire, and he cross-examined the witness at length about the identification and about the prior identification in court. The judge was not asked to and did not make any findings or rulings with respect to the identification.

The denial of the pre-trial motion was within the judge’s discretion. Commonwealth v. Jones, 362 Mass. 497, 501 (1972). But the defendant now contends that the in-court identification was the “direct product of several egregiously suggestive pretrial confrontations.” The point is not presented by any valid exception, and the record he brings to us is entirely inadequate to supply a factual basis for his argument.

3. Section 33E. The defendant urges that we exercise our power under G. L. c. 278, § 33E, to reduce the verdicts to voluntary manslaughter. There is no basis in the evidence for such action. Cf. Commonwealth v. Benjamin, 369 Mass. 770, 773-774 (1976), and cases cited. The transcript has been read in the light of our power and duty under the statute, and we do not find reason to disturb the convictions.

Judgments affirmed.