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Robert Earwood, Appellant, v. State of Kansas, Appellee

Kansas Supreme Court1967-04-08No. No. 44,751
198 Kan. 659426 P.2d 151

Summary

Holding. The judgment denying the motion to vacate was affirmed. The appellant was not placed in double jeopardy because the city and state are separate sovereigns, and no error occurred in denying counsel or a plenary hearing when the motion presented only settled legal questions with no disputed facts.

Robert Earwood sought to vacate his state felony conviction for possessing a pistol after a prior felony conviction, arguing he was placed in double jeopardy. Earwood had previously pleaded guilty in city police court to carrying a concealed weapon under a municipal ordinance, for which he served 30 days in jail. He was then charged and convicted under a state statute prohibiting firearm possession by those with certain prior felony convictions, and sentenced to up to five years in prison. Earwood also claimed the trial court erred by denying his motion to vacate without appointing counsel or holding a full hearing.

The court held that Earwood was not subjected to double jeopardy because the city and state are separate sovereigns with distinct legal codes, and defendants may be prosecuted by both for the same conduct. The municipal ordinance violation and the state felony statute address different offenses under different jurisdictions. Additionally, because Earwood's motion raised only legal questions with no disputed facts, appointment of counsel and a plenary hearing were not required under Kansas law.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether prosecution under both a municipal ordinance and state statute for related conduct constitutes double jeopardy
  • Whether separate sovereigns (city and state) may each prosecute a defendant for the same conduct
  • Whether appointment of counsel and a plenary hearing are required for a motion to vacate raising only legal questions

Procedural posture

Appellant appealed from a trial court judgment denying his motion to vacate sentence under Kansas law, with counsel appointed on appeal.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

The opinion of the court was delivered by

Fromme, J.:

Robert Eaiwood filed a motion to vacate sentence under K. S. A. 60-1507. The trial court considered this motion together with the handwritten “supporting brief” furnished by Ear-wood. The motion was denied without a plenary hearing and counsel was not appointed to present or argue the matter before the trial court. This appeal is brought from a judgment denying the motion. Counsel has been appoined for the appellant in this court.

The appellant contends the court below erred (1) in holding he had not been placed in double jeopardy for the offense, and (2) in refusing to appoint counsel for him in the court below and in failing to hold a plenary hearing on his motion to vacate.

The trial court considering this motion was the court in which he was originally convicted. The judge examined the records of the court and issued a four page memorandum opinion denying the motion. Adequate legal authority on the question of double jeopardy was cited in the opinion. We will reexamine appellant’s contentions urged by his court appointed counsel.

Appellant was arrested by the Topeka police. He was charged under city ordinances with drunkenness and carrying a concealed weapon. After entering pleas of guilty to both offenses he was fined $50.00 for drunkenness and was sentenced to 30 days in jail for carrying a concealed weapon, tie served the 30 days and then he was picked up by the Shawnee county sheriff’s officers. A charge had been filed against him under K. S. A. 21-2611. This is a state felony statute prohibiting possession of a pistol after conviction of a felony. Appellant was tried and convicted for this crime. He was sentenced to not more than five years in the penitentiary. This is the sentence he seeks to have vacated.

Appellant’s first claim of error concerns his complaint that trial and sentence on possession of a pistol after conviction of a felony placed him in double jeopardy for the same crime for which he previously served the thirty day sentence. He was first convicted in the city police court of carrying a concealed weapon. It was this conviction under a city ordinance that justified the 30 days in jail. The subsequent conviction was under a state statute prohibiting a person previously convicted of certain felonies from having possession of a pistol. Appellant was not placed in double jeopardy for the same crime.

The city and the state are separate sovereigns having separate codes of behavior. We have previously declared that a defendant may be prosecuted for his actions by both sovereigns. In Lawton v. Hand, 186 Kan. 385, 350 P. 2d 28, the question was decided in a case quite similar to the present one. Many prior decisions of like import are cited in the Lawton case. (See also Jerome v. United States, 318 U. S. 101, 87 L. ed. 640, 63 S. Ct. 483.) Appellant was not placed in double jeopardy.

The second claim of error is based upon failure to appoint counsel and to hold a plenary hearing in the court below. It is clear that the motion to vacate set forth no issue of fact. The sole question presented was a question of law which has been settled in this jurisdiction for many years. Counsel was appointed for appellant in this appeal and we have reexamined our cases on the subject. They are controlling.

When there are no disputed facts presented in the motion to vacate a plenary hearing is not required. (Chappell v. State, 197 Kan. 407, 416 P. 2d 786.)

When the files and records of the case conclusively show the prisoner (movant) is not entitled to relief it is not necessary to appoint counsel in the court below. (State v. Burnett, 194 Kan. 645, 400 P. 2d 971.)

The lower court examined the question raised by appellant and properly denied the motion to vacate.

The judgment is affirmed.