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Director of Property Valuation, Division of Property Valuation of the Department of Revenue, Appellant, v. Golden Plains Express, Inc., Appellee

Kansas Court of Appeals1988-09-09No. No. 62,065
13 Kan. App. 2d 48760 P.2d 1227

Summary

Holding. The dormant judgment statute applies to motor carrier tax warrants, and the trial court's order declaring the warrant time-barred and uncollectible was affirmed.

The Director of Property Valuation appealed a trial court decision that declared a motor carrier tax warrant dormant and uncollectible under Kansas's dormant judgment statute. The tax warrant had been filed in June 1980, and the company requested the court declare it dormant in January 1988—more than seven years later. The Director argued that statutes of limitation do not run against the State unless explicitly stated, and that the motor carrier tax statute lacked sufficient specificity to invoke the dormant judgment rule.

The court disagreed and upheld the trial court's order. While acknowledging the general rule that time limits do not apply to the State without specific legislative direction, the court found that the motor carrier tax statutes, read as a whole, demonstrate legislative intent to impose a limitations period. Specifically, a provision allowing the Director to remove accounts deemed uncollectible due to a "statute of limitations" indicated that the legislature contemplated time-based limitations in this context. The court distinguished an earlier case involving sales tax warrants, which had explicitly authorized the Director to issue replacement warrants at any time—a provision absent from the motor carrier statute.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether statutes of limitation apply to tax warrants issued by the State
  • Whether the motor carrier tax statute contains sufficient specificity to trigger application of the dormant judgment statute
  • Legislative intent regarding time limitations in motor carrier tax collection

Procedural posture

The Director appealed the trial court's order granting Golden Plains's motion to declare the tax warrant dormant and uncollectible.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Elliott, P.J.:

The Director of Property Valuation, Department of Revenue, (Director) appeals the trial court’s order barring the collection of a motor carrier tax warrant entered against Golden Plains Express, Inc., (Golden Plains) as being time barred by K.S.A. 1987 Supp. 60-2403, the dormant judgment statute.

In June 1980, the Director filed a tax warrant against Golden Plains for delinquent motor carrier taxes; the warrant was filed in district court pursuant to K.S.A. 79-6all. In January 1988, more than seven years later, Golden Plains requested the district court to declare the judgment dormant and uncollectible. The trial court granted the motion, invalidating the lien and tax warrant.

In general, statutes of limitation do not run against the State unless specifically provided by statute. Riggan v. Director of Revenue, 203 Kan. 129, Syl. ¶ 1, 453 P.2d 52 (1969). The dormant judgment statute, K.S.A. 1987 Supp. 60-2403, is a statute of limitations.

In the present case, the Director argues that K.S.A. 79-6all contains no indication of a legislative intent that a statute of limitations run against the State and that K.S.A. 79-6al5 is not specific enough to trigger application of the dormant judgment statute. We disagree and accordingly affirm.

The Director’s heavy reliance on Riggan is misplaced. Riggan involved a sales tax warrant filed with a district court under what is now K.S.A. 79-3617. More than seven years later, a second sales tax warrant was issued. The court held the second warrant was not barred by 60-2403. The court reasoned that the filing of the tax warrant does not amount to a judgment rendered by a court of record. 203 Kan. at 135. Further, 79-3617 granted the Director the right to file a second or “alias” warrant “at any time.” 203 Kan. at 134-35. This additional right, held the Riggan court, expressed the legislature’s intent that the Director’s rights were not limited by 60-2403. 203 Kan. at 134-35.

In contrast, the motor carrier statute, K.S.A. 79-6all, does not grant the Director the expansive right to issue alias warrants “at any time.” Further, K.S.A. 79-6all cannot be read in isolation. Legislative intent is to be determined from a consideration of the entire act, and effect must be given, if possible, to the entire act and every part thereof. Harris Enterprises, Inc. v. Moore, 241 Kan. 59, 734 P.2d 1083 (1987).

K.S.A. 79-6al3 grants authority for the Director to remove any account from the receivables file which is determined to be uncollectible under the provisions of K.S.A. 79-6al5. K.S.A. 79-6al5(b) provides for the abatement of motor carrier tax liabilities where collection “is barred by a statute of limitations.”

The sales tax statute involved in Riggan did not contain such a provision. Simply put, the inclusion of K.S.A. 79-6al5(b) indicates that the legislature intended a period of limitations to apply in the motor carrier tax warrant area.

The Director argues that the legislature’s failure to include more specific dormant judgment language in the motor carrier statute, such as found in the personal property tax area (K.S.A. 1987 Supp. 79-2101), is a clear sign that the legislature did not intend for the dormant judgment statute to apply to the instant situation. But, of equal logic is the statement that the legislature would not need to amend K.S.A. 79-6all if it felt K.S.A. 79-6al5(b) accomplished the same result.

Reading the motor carrier tax statutes together, the legislature intended that a statute of limitations act to abate stale tax warrants. It seems to us that K.S.A. 79-6al5 is adequately specific to trigger application of the dormant judgment statute to the facts here presented.

The judgment is affirmed.