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STATE of Idaho, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Felipe CANTU, a/k/a Josias Hernandez, Defendant-Respondent

Idaho Supreme Court1997-01-22No. No. 22349
129 Idaho 673931 P.2d 1191

Summary

Holding. The trial court abused its discretion by granting a new trial on the ground of ineffective assistance of counsel due to conflict of interest, a ground not enumerated in I.C. § 19-2406. The decision is reversed and remanded.

Felipe Cantu was convicted after trial on multiple controlled substance charges, including conspiracy charges involving a co-defendant. Before trial, the prosecutor offered to recommend a reduced sentence if either defendant would plead guilty and testify against the other. Cantu's attorney represented both defendants, and after the attorney discussed the offer with each client individually, neither accepted it. Following his conviction, Cantu moved for a new trial arguing that his attorney's representation of both defendants created a conflict of interest that constituted ineffective assistance of counsel in the plea negotiations. The trial court granted the motion, finding an actual conflict existed.

On appeal, the state challenged the trial court's authority to grant a new trial on this ground. The appellate court reviewed Idaho's procedural rules governing new trials and concluded that I.C. § 19-2406 establishes an exclusive list of permissible grounds for granting a new trial. The court determined that ineffective assistance of counsel due to conflicts of interest, while it might be raised in other contexts, does not appear among the statutory grounds. The court further held that I.C.R. 34's "interest of justice" language does not create an independent basis for a new trial but instead serves as the standard for applying the listed statutory grounds.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether ineffective assistance of counsel due to conflict of interest constitutes a statutory ground for new trial under Idaho law
  • Whether I.C.R. 34's "interest of justice" standard permits a trial court to grant a new trial on grounds outside I.C. § 19-2406
  • The scope of a trial court's discretion to grant new trials

Procedural posture

The state appealed the trial court's grant of Cantu's motion for new trial following his jury conviction on controlled substance charges.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

PER CURIAM.

I.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR PROCEEDINGS

Felipe Cantu (Cantu) was charged with eleven controlled substance-related offenses, six of which included charges of conspiring with Rosario Reyes (Reyes) to deliver a controlled substance. The same attorney was appointed to represent both Cantu and Reyes. Prior to trial, the prosecutor approached the defense attorney and indicated that, if one of the defendants would plead guilty and agree to testify against the other, the prosecutor would recommend some type of a reduced sentence. Apparently, the defense attorney spoke individually with each defendant, however neither was willing to accept the agreement. The case went to trial, and a jury convicted Cantu.

After trial, Cantu filed a motion for new trial pursuant to I.C.R. 34, contending that he had received ineffective assistance of counsel in pretrial negotiations because of his attorney’s conflict of interest. The district court agreed that there was an actual conflict and granted Cantu’s motion for new trial. The State now appeals that ruling.

II.

TRIAL ISSUES

A. Standard of review

When reviewing a trial court’s ruling on a motion for new trial, this Court applies an abuse of discretion standard. State v. Davis, 127 Idaho 62, 896 P.2d 970 (1995). A trial court has wide discretion to grant or refuse to grant a new trial, and, on appeal, this Court will not disturb that exercise of discretion, absent a showing of manifest abuse. State v. Olin, 103 Idaho 391, 648 P.2d 203 (1982). In State v. Hedger, 115 Idaho 598, 768 P.2d 1331 (1989), this Court set out the test for evaluating whether a trial court has abused its discretion:

(1) whether the lower court rightly perceived the issue as one of discretion; (2) whether the court acted within the outer boundaries of such discretion and consistently with any legal standards applicable to specific choices; and (3) whether the court reached its decision by an exercise of reason.

Id. at 600, 768 P.2d at 1333 (quoting Associates Northwest, Inc. v. Beets, 112 Idaho 603, 605, 733 P.2d 824, 826 (Ct.App.1987)).

B. Motion for new trial

The only issue on appeal is whether the district court erred when it granted the new trial on the ground of ineffective assistance of counsel. That is not one of the grounds listed in I.C. § 19-2406 for granting a new trial. The district court, nonetheless, reasoned that it was permitted to grant a new trial under the I.C.R. 34 standard, which allows the granting of a new trial “if required in the interest of justice.” I.C.R. 34.

We have concluded on prior occasions that I.C. § 19-2406 sets forth the only grounds permitting the grant of a new trial and, therefore, limits the instances in which the trial court’s discretion may be exercised. State v. Gomez, 126 Idaho 83, 878 P.2d 782 (1994); State v. Lankford, 116 Idaho 860, 781 P.2d 197 (1989), cert. denied, 497 U.S. 1032, 110 S.Ct. 3295, 111 L.Ed.2d 803 (1990). Although I.C.R. 34 allows a trial court to grant a new trial “if required in the interest of justice,” this Court has concluded that I.C.R. 34 does not provide an independent ground for a new trial. State v. Davis, 127 Idaho 62, 896 P.2d 970 (1995). Rather, I.C.R. 34 simply states the standard that the trial court must apply when it considers the statutory grounds. Id. at 65, 896 P.2d at 973.

III.

CONCLUSION

In light of our decisions in Gomez, Lankford, and Davis, we have determined that the district court abused its discretion when it granted a new trial on a ground that is not listed in I.C. § 19-2406. Thus, the district court’s ruling is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.