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Francesco Campiti vs. Commonwealth

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court1997-11-19
426 Mass. 1004

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the single justice's denial of the petition for dismissal, holding that although the appellate delay may have been inordinate, Campiti failed to establish that it was prejudicial, and the single justice did not abuse discretion or commit clear error in denying the requested relief.

Francesco Campiti sought to dismiss his criminal indictments based on alleged due process violations caused by delays in appellate proceedings. He claimed that nearly two years of delay while his appeals were under advisement in the Appeals Court, combined with earlier delays in the trial court, violated his constitutional rights. He requested either dismissal of the indictments, a stay of sentence with bail pending an appeals decision, or an order requiring the Appeals Court to issue a ruling within a reasonable timeframe.

The single justice denied Campiti's petition and referred it to the full court as an administrative matter. The court applied established law holding that delayed appeals constitute constitutional error only when the state deliberately blocks appellate rights or when delay is both inordinate and prejudicial. Although the two-year appellate delay may have been inordinate, Campiti failed to demonstrate prejudice—he presented no evidence that the delay hindered his ability to present arguments or the court's ability to decide the issues. The court noted that because the Appeals Court ultimately upheld his convictions, the delay could not have impaired his right to a retrial.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether delay in appellate proceedings constitutes a due process violation
  • Whether prejudice must be demonstrated in addition to inordinate delay
  • Whether dismissal of indictments is appropriate remedy for appellate delay

Procedural posture

Campiti appealed the single justice's denial of his petition for relief from appellate delays, after the Appeals Court had affirmed his convictions.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

On June 5, 1996, nearly two years after his appeals from his convictions and from the denial of his postconviction motions had been taken under advisement by the Appeals Court, Francesco Campiti filed a petition in the county court pursuant to G. L. c. 211, § 3. He alleged that the passage of such a lengthy period of time while the appeals were under advisement, together with other delay that had occurred while the case was pending in the trial court, constituted a violation of his due process rights. He requested either a dismissal of the indictments, a stay of execution of his sentences and admission to bail pending a decision from the Appeals Court, or an order requiring the Appeals Court to issue a decision “within the near future and not exceeding a reasonable amount of time.”

A single justice, after a hearing, submitted the petition to the full court for its consideration as an administrative matter and otherwise denied the relief sought by Campiti. Campiti timely appealed from the judgment of the single justice; his appeal is the matter presently before us. On August 7, 1996, the Appeals Court issued its decision affirming Campiti’s convictions and upholding the denial of his postconviction motions. Commonwealth v. Campiti, 41 Mass. App. Ct. 43 (1996). The Appeals Court thereafter denied Campiti’s petition for a rehearing, and we denied both his initial application and his supplemental application for further appellate review.

Campiti contends that the single justice erred in refusing to dismiss the indictments. Finding no clear error of law or abuse of discretion by the single justice, we affirm. See Greco v. Suffolk Div. of the Probate & Family Court Dep’t, 418 Mass. 153, 156 (1994) (“It is well settled that this court will not reverse an order of a single justice in the absence of an abuse of discretion or clear error of law”). See also Caggiano v. Commonwealth, 406 Mass. 1004, 1005 (1990); Fogarty v. Commonwealth, 406 Mass. 103, 106 (1989).

“There are only two circumstances in which a delayed appeal ‘may rise to the level of constitutional error’: where State agents have deliberately blocked the defendant’s appellate rights, or where the delay is ‘inordinate and prejudicial.’ ” Commonwealth v. Libby, 411 Mass. 177, 178 (1991), and cases cited. Campiti did not claim before the single justice that the Commonwealth had deliberately blocked his appeals in any way. The only question for the single justice, therefore, was whether, on the record before him, Campiti had adequately demonstrated that the delay in his appeals had been inordinate and prejudicial. We had previously held that the posttrial delay in the trial court was not shown to be prejudicial and, in any case, could have been addressed and remedied, if warranted, through the normal appellate process. Campiti v. Commonwealth, 417 Mass. 454, 457 (1994).

The case was submitted on briefs.

Vincent A. Bongiorni for the plaintiff.

Elizabeth Dunphy Farris, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.

The two-year period while the appeals were under advisement in the Appeals Court may have been inordinate, regardless of the number and complexity of the issues raised, but it was not shown to be prejudicial. Campiti presented nothing to the single justice, either in his petition or at the hearing, demonstrating that the passage of this amount of time hindered his ability to present, or the court’s ability to decide, the issues. See Commonwealth v. Hudson, 404 Mass. 282, 285 (1989) (“Because the defendant has failed to produce any evidence or make any argument that his ‘ability to present . . . arguments on appeal [has been] adversely affected by the passage of time’ his due process argument fails”), quoting Commonwealth v. Weichel, 403 Mass. 103, 109 (1988). Nor did he show that the delay in the Appeals Court following the oral argument somehow transformed what had previously been determined to be nonprejudicial delay in the trial court into prejudicial delay. Furthermore, we can safely say in hindsight that, because the Appeals Court upheld the convictions, there is no possibility that the delay impaired any retrial due to the unavailability of witnesses or the fading of memories, and Campiti did not even make such a claim before the single justice. See Commonwealth v. Weichel, supra; Commonwealth v. Thomas, 400 Mass. 676, 684 (1987); Commonwealth v. Lee, 394 Mass. 209, 221 (1985); Commonwealth v. Duhamel, 391 Mass. 841, 847 (1984) (“it would be strange indeed if we said that delay in processing the defendant’s nonmeritorious appeal warrants reversal of his convictions”).

In his brief to the full court, Campiti raises several issues and theories that were not presented to the single justice. Those matters are beyond the limited scope of this appeal and are either unsupported by the material in the record appendix, lacking in merit, or both. We also decline in this narrow context to review, as Campiti asks us to do, the correctness of the Appeals Court’s resolution of the underlying issues in its opinion that followed the proceeding before the single justice.

We hold that, based on the slim record before him, the single justice did not err or abuse his discretion in denying the portion of Campiti’s petition that requested dismissal of the indictments. The single justice’s approach — referring the matter to the full court for consideration as an administrative matter — was both a practical disposition and a sound exercise of discretion, and it was consistent with the alternative relief sought by Campiti in his petition.

Judgment affirmed.

On January 14, 1993, and again on April 20, 1993, Campiti filed petitions in the county court pursuant to G. L. c. 211, § 3, claiming that the posttrial delays in the trial court had deprived him of due process. Those petitions were denied by single justices. Campiti v. Commonwealth, 417 Mass. 454, 455 (1994).