LAW.coLAW.co

Ashly Lynn NUPDAL, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee

United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit2012-02-02No. No. 11-1185
666 F.3d 1074

Summary

Holding. The appellate court affirmed the district court's denial of Nupdal's motion to vacate, holding that the district court did not clearly err in finding that she had not instructed her attorney to file an appeal, and that she was not denied an adequate evidentiary hearing.

Ashly Lynn Nupdal pleaded guilty to drug distribution charges and received a 120-month sentence, which was the mandatory minimum. Her plea agreement included a waiver of appellate rights, though she retained the right to challenge her sentence on ineffective-assistance grounds. Roughly 11 months after sentencing, she filed a motion to vacate, claiming her attorney failed to file an appeal despite her alleged instructions to do so. The district court held a hearing and denied relief after finding that Nupdal had not actually instructed her attorney to appeal.

On appeal, Nupdal challenged the district court's factual finding and argued the hearing was inadequate because her attorney did not testify. The appellate court reviewed the factual finding for clear error and found none. Although Nupdal submitted an affidavit stating she had directed her attorney to appeal, her own testimony at the hearing contradicted this claim, as did the testimony of her parents. The court determined the district judge properly weighed credibility and rejected Nupdal's version of events. Regarding her procedural complaint, the court noted she could have subpoenaed her attorney and that his absence did not prejudice her where the other testimony established she had no factual support for her core claim.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether counsel's failure to file an appeal after client instruction constitutes ineffective assistance
  • Whether a client made a manifest desire to appeal through express instruction to counsel
  • Whether credibility findings by the trial court were clearly erroneous
  • Whether absence of opposing counsel's testimony rendered the evidentiary hearing inadequate

Procedural posture

Nupdal appealed the district court's denial of her motion to vacate her sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, challenging both the factual finding that she did not instruct her attorney to appeal and the adequacy of the evidentiary hearing.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

SHEPHERD, Circuit Judge.

Ashly Lynn Nupdal was sentenced to 120 months imprisonment for conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and distribution of controlled substances under 21 U.S.C. § 846. Nupdal filed a motion to vacate her sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 alleging her attorney was ineffective in failing to follow her instructions to file an appeal on her behalf. The district court denied her motion to vacate. We affirm.

I.

A grand jury indicted Nupdal on three drug-related charges. In exchange for the Government’s dismissal of two of the counts, Nupdal pled guilty to one count of intent to distribute and distribution of controlled substances in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. Nupdal’s plea agreement contained an appeal waiver that stated she was aware of her right to appeal but waived that right as part of her plea agreement. Nupdal’s appeal waiver expressly reserved the right to appeal her sentence for ineffective assistance of counsel. Nupdal was sentenced to 120 months, the mandatory minimum for the charge, which was also within her guideline sentencing range, based on her category II criminal history. Nupdal appeared in person at her sentencing hearing. At the hearing, the judge instructed Nupdal that she had a right to appeal and that her appeal must be filed within ten days of the entry of judgment.

After the hearing, Nupdal did not appeal, but filed a motion to vacate her sentence roughly 11 months after the entry of judgment against her. Nupdal based her motion to vacate on her claim that her counsel failed to file an appeal on her behalf, and she attached an affidavit stating that she had, in fact, instructed her counsel to do so. The district court held a hearing on Nupdal’s motion to vacate and denied the motion finding that Nupdal had not instructed her attorney to appeal. On appeal, Nupdal claims that the district court clearly erred in finding that she did not direct her attorney to file an appeal on her behalf. In the alternative, Nupdal argues she was denied a proper evidentiary hearing on the issue of whether she directed her attorney to file an appeal.

“ When addressing post-conviction ineffective assistance claims brought under § 2255, we review the ineffective assistance issue de novo and the underlying findings of fact for clear error.’ ” Bass v. United States, 655 F.3d 758, 760 (8th Cir.2011) (quoting United States v. Regenos, 405 F.3d 691, 692-93 (8th Cir.2005)). Generally, to be successful on an ineffective assistance claim, a defendant must “show both deficient performance by counsel and prejudice to the defense caused by that performance.” Barger v. United States, 204 F.3d 1180, 1182 (8th Cir.2000); see also Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 691-92, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). However, “an attorney’s failure to file a notice of appeal after being instructed to do so by Ms client constitutes ineffective assistance entitling petitioner to section 2255 relief, no inquiry into prejudice or likely success on appeal being necessary.” Barger, 204 F.3d at 1181-82. To be entitled to relief, Nupdal must have made “manifest” her desire to appeal by expressly instructing her attorney to appeal. Id. at 1182.

Though Nupdal’s affidavit stated that she directed her counsel to appeal, she repeatedly admitted during her testimony at the hearing on her motion to vacate that she had not in fact instructed her attorney to appeal, and her parents testified that although they met with Nupdal’s attorney following the sentencing hearing, they also did not instruct the attorney to appeal. “A bare assertion by the petitioner that she made a request is not by itself sufficient to support a grant of relief....” Id. The judge at a hearing on a motion to vacate is entitled to determine what version of facts presented is most credible. See Rodriguez v. United States, 964 F.2d 840, 842 (8th Cir.1992) (per curiam). Nupdal’s affidavit not withstanding, the district court credited Nupdal’s hearing testimony and the testimony of her parents that her attorney was not instructed to appeal. We hold that the district court did not clearly err in making this finding.

In addition to alleging ineffective assistance of counsel, Nupdal claims that she was effectively denied an evidentiary hearing on the issue. Specifically, Nupdal argues the hearing was deficient because her attorney did not testify and she was unable to cross-examine him. We reject this contention. First, Nupdal could have subpoenaed her attorney to ensure that he testified at the hearing. Fed.R.Crim.P. 17. More importantly, we fail to see how Nupdal was prejudiced by the absence of her attorney’s testimony at the hearing on her section 2255 motion when the testimony of Nupdal and her parents conclusively established that she had no support for her claim that she had instructed her attorney to appeal. Accordingly, we conclude that Nupdal was not denied an adequate evidentiary hearing.

II.

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court’s denial of Nupdal’s motion to vacate.

. The Honorable Ralph R. Erickson, Chief Judge, United States District Judge for the District of North Dakota.