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Norman L. BIRL, Petitioner, v. W. J. ESTELLE, Jr., Director Texas Department of Corrections, Respondent

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit1981-11-05No. No. 80-2179
660 F.2d 592

Summary

Holding. The court dismissed the appeal because Birl failed to file his notice of appeal within the 30-day deadline required by Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure 4(a), and he did not demonstrate excusable neglect for the delay. Self-representation provides no exemption from compliance with jurisdictional filing deadlines.

Norman Birl sought habeas corpus relief in federal court, raising claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, a coerced guilty plea, and the trial judge's failure to warn him about the consequences of his plea. The district court denied his petition. Birl filed his notice of appeal on April 10, 1980, more than 30 days after the district court entered its judgment on March 7, 1980. Although Birl was representing himself and a panel had initially remanded for the district court to determine whether the late filing resulted from excusable neglect, the appellate court found no such neglect. The court emphasized that self-representation does not exempt a party from compliance with procedural rules and that Birl, having received the judgment promptly and having access to a law library, failed to demonstrate the kind of extraordinary circumstances needed to excuse the delay.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether pro se status exempts a party from procedural filing deadlines
  • Whether excusable neglect exists when an appellant with ordinary intelligence and law library access fails to file timely
  • Whether mere pro se status can justify an extension of a jurisdictional filing deadline

Procedural posture

Birl appealed the district court's denial of habeas corpus relief, but the appeal was filed beyond the 30-day deadline, and the court remanded to determine whether excusable neglect existed.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

PER CURIAM:

Norman Lee Birl appeals from the district court’s denial of habeas corpus relief. Birl was convicted, after pleading guilty, of robbery and murder in Texas. His petition claims ineffective assistance of counsel, coercion of a guilty plea and failure by the trial judge to admonish him of the consequences of his coerced plea. The magistrate recommended that his petition be denied under Rule 9(a) of the Rules Governing § 2254 eases, or alternatively on the merits. The district court adopted the findings and recommendation of the magistrate that the petition be denied under Rule 9(a). We are without jurisdiction to hear Birl’s appeal because of his failure to appeal within the time allowed by Fed.R.App. P. 4(a).

\ The magistrate’s recommendation was adopted by the district court in its judgment entered March 7, 1980. Birl’s notice of appeal was received by the district court clerk’s office April 9, 1980 and filed the next day. This is beyond the 30-day limit provided by Federal Rules Appellate Procedure 4a. This limit is jurisdictional. Holley v. Capps, 468 F.2d 1366,1367 (5th Cir. 1972), after remand, 475 F.2d 232, 233 (5th Cir. 1973). This default occurred prior to our prospective-only holding in Sanchez v. Board of Regents, 625 F.2d 521, 523 (5th Cir. 1980) construing Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a) as it existed prior to the 1979 amendments. Therefore, a panel of this court remanded to the district court to determine whether Birl’s tardiness was the result of excusable neglect. The district court was instructed to grant an extension if excusable neglect was found; otherwise, the appeal would be dismissed. On remand, the district court stated it was unaware of any excuse that Birl had to file late. However, the court reasoned that since Birl was proceeding pro se, the question of timely filing should be resolved in his favor. This ruling was in error.

The right of self-representation does not exempt a party from compliance with relevant rules of procedural and substantive law. Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 834 n.46, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 2540, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975). One who proceeds pro se with full knowledge and understanding of the risks involved acquires no greater rights than a litigant represented by a lawyer, United States v. Pinkey, 548 F.2d 305, 311 (10th Cir. 1977), unless a liberal construction of properly filed pleadings be considered an enhanced right. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520, 92 S.Ct. 594, 595, 30 L.Ed.2d 652 (1972). Rather, such a litigant acquiesces in and subjects himself to the established rules of practice and procedure. United States v. Pinkey, 548 F.2d at 311; Larkin v. United Ass’n of Plumbers and Pipefitters, 338 F.2d 335, 336 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 380 U.S. 975, 85 S.Ct. 1337, 14 L.Ed.2d 270 (1964). See also, United States v. Fowler, 605 F.2d 181, 183 (5th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 950, 100 S.Ct. 1599, 63 L.Ed.2d 785 (1980).

The burden of establishing excusable neglect is upon an appellant, even one proceeding pro se. Craig v. Garrison, 549 F.2d 306, 307 (4th Cir. 1977). Our circuit’s rule is that the excusable neglect standard is a strict one, Chipser v. Kohlmeyer & Co., 600 F.2d 1061, 1063 (5th Cir. 1979), requiring more than mere ignorance, Bryant v. Elliott, 467 F.2d 1109 (5th Cir. 1972). Failure to learn of the entry of judgment is the major, but not the only, reason for finding excusable neglect. Chipser v. Kohlmeyer & Co., 600 F.2d at 1063. Other unique circumstances may render dismissal unfair. Id. The party requesting the extension must make a clear showing that the circumstances causing the delay were unique and that the neglect was excusable. Fase v. Seafarer’s Welfare & Pension Plan, 574 F.2d 72, 76 (2d Cir. 1978). Courts should sanction deviations from the letter of the rules only on the most compelling showing that the purposes of the rules are served. In re Orbitec Corp., 520 F.2d 358, 362 (2nd Cir. 1975).

The record reflects that Birl received a copy of the judgment entered March 7, 1980 in ample time to comply with the 30-day filing requirement. The record also reflects that Birl is an individual of at least ordinary intelligence who has access to a prison law library. He is not a stranger to the courthouse or to habeas corpus proceedings. Therefore, viewing the facts and circumstances as a whole, Wansor v. George Hantscho Co., 570 F.2d 1202, 1207 (5th Cir. 1978), we are unable to say that this is an extraordinary case where denying an extension would constitute an injustice. Dugan v. Missouri Neon & Plastic Advertising Co., 472 F.2d 944, 948 (8th Cir. 1973). And although a district court’s finding of excusable neglect is ordinarily given great deference, Fase v. Seafarer’s Welfare & Pension Plan, 574 F.2d at 77, it must be remembered that no such finding was made below. Merely proceeding pro se does not confer an extension of the ordinary jurisdictional requirement of timely filing. See Holley v. Capps, 475 F.2d 232 (5th Cir. 1973). The appeal is

DISMISSED.