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Postal Savings & Loan Association, Appellee, v. Marion K. Freel and Charlene A. Freel, Appellants

Kansas Court of Appeals1984-12-14No. No. 56,238
10 Kan. App. 2d 286698 P.2d 382

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the trial court's judgment for the lender, holding that an explicit contractual provision stating that waiver of one payment does not waive rights regarding subsequent defaults bars any claim of implied waiver based on the lender's past acceptance of late payments or continued acceptance of partial payments after acceleration.

A mortgage lender sought to foreclose on the borrowers' home after they fell behind on payments. The borrowers argued the lender had waived its right to accelerate the debt by accepting late payments in the past and by continuing to accept payments after sending a default notice. The trial court ruled in favor of the lender, and the appellate court affirmed, finding that the promissory note contained an explicit clause stating that any waiver of a payment at one time would not constitute a waiver of the lender's rights regarding future delinquencies. Because the contract language clearly addressed the issue, the borrowers' reliance on the lender's past forbearance could not create an implied waiver. Additionally, after the default notice, the lender consistently informed the borrowers that the full balance remained due, preventing any reasonable inference of waiver from subsequent partial payments.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a mortgagee's prior acceptance of late payments effects a waiver of the right to accelerate
  • Whether explicit contractual waiver language prevents implied waiver by conduct
  • Whether continued acceptance of partial payments after acceleration constitutes waiver of acceleration rights

Procedural posture

The borrowers appealed a trial court judgment granting the lender's foreclosure action.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Parks, J.:

Plaintiff Postal Savings & Loan Association brought this action to foreclose its mortgage against the defendants’ residence. Defendants Marion K. Freel and Charlene A. Freel contend that plaintiff waived its right to foreclose. The trial court entered judgment allowing the foreclosure. Defendants appeal.

We first consider defendants’ claim that plaintiff waived its right to accelerate the payment of the note and mortgage.

The plaintiff has always maintained that the letter of January 12, 1981, written when the defendants were two and almost three payments behind on their loan obligation, effected a declaration of default and acceleration of the entire balance owed. Defendants contend that because they had fallen behind in their payments before and default was never declared, plaintiff waived its right to do so in January.

It is generally accepted that a mortgagee’s acceptance of a late or partial payment will effect a waiver of the right to declare default and accelerate a debt because of the lateness of that payment. Rawhide Farms v. Darby, 267 Ark. 776, 589 S.W.2d 210 (1979). In addition, a past practice of excusing defaults occasioned by late payments may under certain circumstances be construed as an implied waiver of an acceleration clause. See, e.g., Smith v. Smith, 186 Kan. 728, 735, 352 P.2d 1036 (1960); Mariash v. Bastianich, 88 App. Div. 2d 829, 452 N.Y.S.2d 190, 191 (1982). However, in the present case, the parties agreed to the following provision in the promissory note:

. . Any waiver of any payment hereunder or under the instrument securing this note at any time, shall not, at any other time, be taken to be a waiver of the terms of this note or the instrument securing it.”

This provision clearly provides that the mortgagee’s past waivers of default have no bearing on its rights to accelerate for subsequent delinquencies. It benefits the debtor by permitting the creditor to liberally forgive late or missed payments which could have compelled acceleration, while protecting the creditor’s right to accelerate the debt upon the commission of each new default.

Promissory notes and mortgages are contracts between the parties and the ordinary rules of construction applicable to contracts apply to them. Carpenter v. Riley, 234 Kan. 758, 763, 675 P.2d 900 (1984). Waiver is an intentional relinquishment of a known right and intention may be inferred from conduct. Iola State Bank v. Biggs, 233 Kan. 450, 458-59, 662 P.2d 563 (1983). However, no such inference of waiver can be drawn when the unambiguous language of the contract states a contrary intention. Therefore, defendants’ contention that they reasonably relied on the plaintiff s past practice of overlooking defaults as an implied waiver of their obligation to pay the installments promptly must fail in light of the unambiguous and contrary provision of the note.

We conclude that the trial court correctly held that the mortgagee did not waive its right to accelerate the payment of the note and mortgage or to demand that the defendants negotiate a new loan where, as here, the note expressly provides that the waiver of any payment at any time, shall not, at any other time, be taken as a waiver bf the terms of the note or the mortgage.

Defendants also argue that by accepting installment payments from them after January, the right to accelerate the debt was waived and the original loan agreement restored. However, each time plaintiff was tendered a payment after acceleration, it notified the defendants that the full amount of the balance was still due and that it would either apply the payment to the total amount due or return it. There is no evidence in this case from which any intentional waiver could be inferred. Therefore, this argument is without merit.

Finally, defendants’ contention in their brief that the plaintiff s actions violated the Uniform Consumer Credit Code (UCCC) is misplaced. The UCCC does not apply to first mortgages such as the one involved in this case. K.S.A. 16a-l-301(13)(b).

Affirmed.