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CITY OF COLUMBUS v. GRIGGS, administratrix

Supreme Court of Georgia1901-05-24
113 Ga. 597

Summary

Holding. The court reversed the judgment and held that the verdict was wholly unwarranted by the evidence because the plaintiff, with full knowledge of the obvious and grave danger posed by the defective street, voluntarily assumed that risk without emergency or justification, thereby failing to exercise ordinary care and precluding recovery despite the city's negligence.

Dr. Griggs sued the City of Columbus for negligence after being injured when a buggy he was riding in overturned on a portion of street that the city had negligently failed to maintain safely. The street had been damaged by railway company work done with city permission. After Griggs died pending the lawsuit, his administratrix continued the action. The evidence showed that both Griggs and the buggy's driver were fully aware of the obvious danger posed by the defective street conditions, particularly on the dark, snow-covered night in question. Despite this knowledge, they voluntarily chose to travel over the dangerous spot without any emergency requiring them to do so, when safer alternative routes were available.

The court held that while a traveler with knowledge of some danger on a defective street may still recover from a negligent city, recovery is barred when the danger is so obviously grave that attempting passage itself constitutes a failure to exercise ordinary care. Here, Griggs and his companion deliberately and knowingly assumed a substantial risk that would have been apparent to any reasonably prudent person, without justification or excuse. Under these circumstances, the verdict in favor of the plaintiff was not supported by the evidence, and the judgment was improper.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Comparative negligence of plaintiff with full knowledge of obvious danger
  • Whether a traveler's voluntary assumption of known risk bars recovery from a negligent municipality
  • Standard for determining when street danger is so obvious that traveling over it constitutes negligence per se

Procedural posture

The case reached the appellate court on exceptions to the trial court's denial of a motion for a new trial following a verdict for the plaintiff.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Lumpkin, P. J.

This case comes here upon exceptions to a judgment overruling a motion for a new trial, which contains many grounds. It is unnecessary to pass upon them in detail; for the verdict was wholly unwarranted by the evidence, and it is apparent from the record that the case can not at another hearing present any aspect materially different from that in which it now appears. Dr. Griggs brought an action against the City of Columbus, for personal injuries resulting from its alleged negligence in failing to put in a safe condition for travel a portion of a street which had been rendered unsafe by reason of certain work done therein, with the city’s permission, by a railway company. Pending the action the plaintiff died, and his administratrix was made a party in his stead. Taking the most favorable view of the evidence which could be fairly entertained in her behalf, it affirmatively appeared that it was palpably and obviously dangerous to attempt to drive at night over that place in the street at which the injury occurred. Nevertheless the deceased, with full and accurate knowledge of this fact, voluntarily, on a very dark night, accompanied another, who had like knowledge, in a buggy which the latter undertook to drive over that place. As a result the buggy was thrown over an embankment and Dr. Griggs was seriously injured. Both occupants of the buggy were perfectly familiar with the situation and fully aware of the danger. They actually discussed it but a few moments before the catastrophe happened. Not only was the night exceedingly dark, but the ground was covered with snow, which circumstance, the record discloses, manifestly increased ijhe hazard and actually contributed to bringing about the casualty. Granting that the negligence of the city was fully established, it is certainly true that Dr. Griggs and his companion were wanting in ordinary care and diligence. They both knowingly and deliberately took a risk the danger of which, to any person of common prudence, would have been plain and obvious. It further appeared that they did so without excuse, for there was no emergency constraining them to travel over the dangerous place, and they had the choice of other routes to their destination, some of which were perfectly safe, and any one of which was, under the circumstances, unquestionably safer than that which they chose. The law by which this case should be controlled was fully discussed by the writer in Samples v. Atlanta, 95 Ga. 110. It is, in substance, that a traveler exercising due care may, although he knows there is some danger in driving over a defective portion of a street which a city has negligently failed to put in safe condition, recover for injuries thus sustained, unless the danger is obviously of such a character that driving over the place in question, in and of itself, amounts to a want of ordinary care and diligence. Certainly, a man can not heedlessly rush into grave peril of the existence of which he is perfectly aware, and then hold any one else, whether negligent or not, responsible for the consequences.

,. The court below ought to have granted a new trial on the ground that the verdict was not warranted by the evidence.

Judgment reversed.

All the Justices conmwring.