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SAINT AMAND et al., executors, v. LEHMAN et al.

Supreme Court of Georgia1904-06-08
120 Ga. 253

Summary

Holding. The court affirmed the judgment granting an injunction, holding that plaintiffs have a right to equitable relief to prevent irreparable injury to their water rights, and that conflicting evidence does not preclude injunctive relief when the irreparable harm to the petitioner outweighs any damage caused to the defendant by delay.

The plaintiffs sought an injunction to stop three defendants from excavating and blasting rock on an adjacent vacant lot, alleging the defendants acted with malicious intent to destroy the plaintiffs' valuable mineral spring by intercepting or diverting an underground water source. One defendant, Lehman, filed an answer that admitted the digging but denied the existence of any underground stream connecting to the spring or any resulting damage. The other defendants failed to respond to service, which the court treated as admissions of the allegations.

The court addressed two key barriers to relief. First, it rejected Lehman's contention that the plaintiffs lacked a right to equitable relief, holding that injunctive remedy is particularly appropriate when defending against irreparable harm to water rights. Second, although the parties presented conflicting evidence at the hearing, the court found this did not preclude injunctive relief because the threatened harm to the plaintiffs—permanent destruction of their spring—far outweighed any inconvenience to the defendants from a temporary delay in their well project.

The court affirmed the grant of the injunction, reasoning that an injunction could preserve the status quo pending final trial without causing serious harm to the defendants, while refusal to grant it could result in permanent, irreparable injury to the plaintiffs that money damages could never adequately compensate.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Right to equitable relief for interference with underground water sources
  • Effect of malice in cases involving percolating waters or underground streams
  • Whether conflicting evidence precludes interlocutory injunctive relief
  • Comparative harm analysis in balancing equitable remedies

Procedural posture

The plaintiffs filed a verified petition for an injunction; one defendant answered with a combined demurrer and answer; the other defendants failed to answer; the trial court granted the injunction; the defendants appealed.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

SiMMONS, C. J.

The petition charged that the three defendants had confederated for the purpose of injuring the plaintiff. Lehman alone answered. Even if there were defects in the service as to JBrooker, Ray was properly served, and failed to answer. His silence was therefore to be treated as an admission of the sworn-allegations of the petition» warranting an injunction against him and if, as claimed, we can not consider the evidence, it leaves the record in such shape that we can at least determine that it would have been proper to enjoin Ray from the continuance of the wrongful act alleged against him, and, by his silence, admitted to be true. According to the allegations of the verified petition, the defendants had confederated together to blast, pound, and dig the rock on a vacant lot adjoining plaintiffs’ spring, not for the purpose of obtaining water useful to the defendants, but with the sole intent of injuring the plaintiffs and destroying a mineral spring of great value, around- which they had constructed an immense plant. While the word is not used, the facts amount to a charge that the-defendants are acting maliciously. If, as alleged, the effort is to destroy a known or well-defined subterranean- stream, or to divert it from the spring of the lower proprietor,” the plaintiffs are not without remedy, even though the flow is underground. Or if the evidence shall show that it is a case of interference with percolating waters, and that the defendants are actuated by malice in wasting or diverting the water, the plaintiffs are still entitled to equitable relief. Wheatly v. Baugh, 25 Pa. St. 528, 64 Am. Dec. 721, cited in Sadler v. Lee, 66 Ga. 48. And compare Barclay v. Abraham (Iowa), 96 N. W. Rep. 1080; Stillwater Co. v. Farmer, 60 L. R. A. 875, as to the effect of malice and waste.

Lehman’s afaswer was in the nature of a demurrer, answer, and plea combined. It admitted the digging of the well, and in so far as it denied that there was any underground stream running from it to the spring, or that any ddmage would be occasioned to the plaintiffs by the digging of the well, it raised an issue of fact which could properly have been considered by the trial judge on the ap plication for injunction. In so far, however, as it set out “that plaintiffs are not remediless in courts of law, and that they have no right to ask equitable relief; that if he [defendant] has damaged or should damage them in any way on account of the matters set up in their petition, they have a complete and adequate remedy at law,” it was performing the office of a demurrer, which, however, should have been overruled, for it is hard to imagine any case to which the remedy of injunction to prevent irreparable damages would be applicable if not to facts like those set out in this petition. Had it appeared, therefore, that the interlocutory relief prayed for was refused on this ground, a reversal would necessarily result. And- so too if it was denied because of conflicting evidence. For, while ordinarily the court will not interfere with the chancellor’s discretion in passing upon disputed facts, there are some cases in which the fact of conflict does not deprive the petitioner of a remedy by which to preserve the status until the disputed issue may be submitted to the jury, in a trial in which both parties have the right to cross-examine all the witnesses. This distinction was pointed out in Everett v. Tabor, 119 Ga. 128, though the opinion was not published until after the interlocutory hearing in the present case. It was there said that there would be strong reason to grant the injunction if the delay to one party would not counterbalance the irreparable injury which might flow to the petitioner were the chancellor to decide the facts in a way different from that which might be determined by the jury on final verdict. The present case is within that rule. The well of the defendants is being dug on a vacant lot. They have no immediate occasion for its use, and the injunction can only occasion a delay from which no serious or irreparable damage can flow. But if the blasting or digging should divert the underground stream, or destroy the spring of the plaintiffs, and if on the final trial the jury should find in favor of the plaintiffs, it is manifest that an enormous damage of a character considered irreparable in law would be inflicted. Money could not compensate for what had been done, and refilling the well would not undo the harm which had been done.

It is said, however, that the plaintiffs have not made any hona fide effort to brief the evidence, and that therefore the case should be dismissed. But this result does not flow from a disregard of the rule of practice. Southern Mining Co. v. Brown, 107 Ga. 264. It does prevent this court from inspecting the brief of evidence, and if the case were solely dependent upon a consideration of what appeared therein, an unconditional affirmance would necessarily result. But the petition and answer were both sworn to, and in reading them as pleadings we necessarily are put in possession of the fact that the parties were diametrically at issue, and that there was a conflict in the evidence. The testimony must conform to the pleadings, and could do no more than add to the conflict. In consideration • of which, and that no harm could come to the defendants from granting the injunction, and that irreparable injury might flow to the petitioners from its refusal, we affirm the judgment. But under the Civil Code, §§5998, 5586, we direct that the judgment of affirmance shall not prejudice the right of the plaintiffs to present another application for an injunction. Brown v. Joiner, 77 Ga. 232; Ford v. Harris, 95 Ga. 97 (4); Sims v. Cordele Ice Co., 119 Ga. 597.

Judgment affirmed with direction.

All the Justices concur.