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John A. CURTIS, Appellant, v. Chester TOWER et al., Appellees

United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit1959-01-07No. No. 13514
262 F.2d 166

Summary

Holding. The appeal is dismissed because the state conviction stands unimpeached by any successful constitutional challenge, no viable civil rights cause of action is stated, and the defendants were never served with process in the federal action.

Curtis, serving a 20–40 year sentence for assault and armed robbery, pursued multiple unsuccessful remedies in state and federal courts before filing a civil rights claim in federal district court seeking damages from police officers, his appointed counsel, and a prosecutor. He alleged injuries resulting from their conduct. The district court dismissed his complaint on jurisdictional grounds, and Curtis appealed.

The appellate court found the district court's dismissal appropriate for multiple independent reasons. The state conviction remained valid and untouched by any successful challenge in state or federal court, and Curtis presented no allegation of a federal constitutional violation. Additionally, the record showed that the defendants in the civil case had not been properly served with process in the district court, meaning no actual case or controversy existed before the court.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Federal jurisdiction over civil rights claims by convicted prisoners
  • Adequacy of state corrective procedures in criminal appeals
  • Effect of valid state conviction on federal civil rights liability
  • Requirement of service of process in federal civil actions

Procedural posture

Curtis appealed the district court's dismissal of his federal civil rights complaint seeking damages from state officials and his counsel.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

SIMONS, Circuit Judge.

The appellant is presently serving an indeterminate sentence of twenty to forty years upon conviction by a jury for the crimes of assault and armed robbery committed March 11, 1949. After three futile motiong for new trial in the trfal cQur ^ overruling of two petitions for writg of habeag corpug by ^ Supreme Court of Michigail) the abandonment 0f an application for leave to appeal to the Michigan Supreme Court, the failure of his two petitions for habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, and the dismissal of a previous complaint in the same court, he again seeks a remedy in the District Court under the Federal Civil Rights Statute, 42 U.S.C.A. § 1983 and § 1985, by way of a claim for compensation for injuries received at the hands of a group of police officers, his appointed counsel, and an Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Wayne County. The District Judge, upon his own motion, dismissed the appellants complaint upon the ground that nothing therein indicated that the District Court had jurisdiction of the subject matter thereof.

After the denial of the appellants motion for authority to proceed in forma pauperis, the appellant was permi tted to appeal to this court. In pursuance of his appeal, he was represented by able counsel at the hearing who made a well considered oral argument supplementing an exhaustive brief. The record here filed, however, fails to show that the defendants below had been served with process. They made no response there to the complaint though all but one filed appearances here and move to dismiss the appeal.

As the case now stands in this court, there is a judgment of conviction and sentence upon a verdict of a duly impaneled jury unimpeached by any adjudication in the courts of the State or in a District Court of the United States. Michigans corrective process for reviewing judicial determinations in criminal cases is adequate. Whalen v. Frisbie, 6 Cir., 185 F.2d 607, Mahler v. Frisbie, 6 Cir., 193 F.2d 319, and Mulvey v. Jacques, 6 Cir., 199 F.2d 300. Michigan law also permits a convicted defendant in a criminal case to file a delayed application for leave to appeal without limitation of time. People v. Hurwich, 259 Mich. 361, 243 N.W. 230; People v. Burnstein, 261 Mich. 534, 246 N.W. 217. The judgment of the State Court, if not vacated, corrected, or amended by the state reviewing courts, or set aside by the Federal Court for invasion of a federal constitutional right, must be accepted by us as in full force and effect unless it is vacated by a state or federal court for some invasion of federal constitutional right. No such adjudication is perceived of record or urged in brief or argument and there has been no appeal from the several judgments overruling petitions for writs of habeas corpus in the District Court. If the State Court judgment is valid, the appellant has not been injured and his complaint in the District Court sets forth no cause of action under the Civil Rights Act. Wherefore, it must be sustained.

To this must be added the fact, sufficiently clear upon the record, that the defendants were not served with process in the District Court, so that there is no case or controversy before us in the constitutional sense. So, viewing the posture of the case, we do not reach issues of limitation or other defenses presented.

The appeal is dismissed.