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Erich W. BERENDSON, Libelant-Appellant, v. REDERIAKTIEBOLAGET VOLO, Respondent-Appellee

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit1958-07-11No. No. 308, Docket 24586
257 F.2d 136

Summary

Holding. The judgment dismissing the libel is affirmed. The Jones Act is inapplicable because the seaman's transitory presence in the United States created no sufficient national interest to justify application of U.S. law to an injury occurring aboard a foreign vessel under foreign law, and the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to retain jurisdiction over the general maritime claim where an adequate remedy exists under Swedish law.

A seaman employed aboard a Swedish-flagged vessel brought suit in federal district court to recover damages under the Jones Act and general maritime law for injuries sustained when he fell through an open hatch while the ship was outside U.S. territorial waters. The district court declined jurisdiction and dismissed the case, finding the Jones Act inapplicable and determining that Swedish law would govern any maritime claim, with remedies available through the Swedish consulate. The seaman appealed, challenging both the dismissal on Jones Act grounds and the court's discretionary decision to decline jurisdiction over the general maritime law claim.

The appellate court upheld the dismissal. It found that Supreme Court precedent conclusively established the Jones Act does not apply to this situation, rejecting the seaman's arguments that the signing location or his transitory residency in New York created sufficient U.S. connection to invoke American law. Regarding the maritime claim, the court determined the district judge properly exercised discretion in declining jurisdiction because Swedish law provided an adequate remedy through the Swedish Consul in New York, making U.S. court involvement unnecessary.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Applicability of the Jones Act to foreign seamen injured aboard foreign-flagged vessels
  • Discretionary jurisdiction over general maritime law claims where foreign law provides an adequate remedy
  • Weight given to place of contract signing versus vessel flag and accident location
  • Sufficiency of transitory U.S. presence to establish national interest in applying U.S. law

Procedural posture

The libelant appealed from a district court order dismissing his libel with prejudice after the court declined to retain jurisdiction.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

SWAN, Circuit Judge.

This litigation originated in a libel brought by a seaman employed on respondent’s vessel to recover under the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C.A. § 688, and the general maritime law for alleged injuries sustained by him when he fell through an open hatch. Libelant is an Estonian citizen who signed on at Houston, Texas, for a voyage to terminate in the United States. The respondent is a Swedish corporation, and its vessel sailed under the Swedish flag. The accident happened on March 27, 1953 outside the territorial waters of the United States.

After entering its appearance, the respondent moved the court to decline to retain jurisdiction. The motion was heard upon supporting and opposing affidavits. It was granted in a decision in which Judge Ryan held the Jones Act not applicable and stated with respect to the claim under the general maritime law:

“There is no reason for this court’s retaining jurisdiction since the extent of the libelant’s recovery is determined and fixed by Swedish law which can adequately if not better be applied by the Swedish consul, Koziol v. The Fylgia, supra, and since there is a convenient forum available to libelant capable of fairly adjudicating his rights.” 149 F.Supp. 140, 141.

The decree, entered November 7, 1956, dismissed the libel with prejudice as to further actions in the district court for the southern district of New York.

The appellant makes two contentions: (1) that the district court abused its discretion by failure to retain jurisdiction under the general maritime law; and (2) that the court erred in holding the Jones Act inapplicable. These contentions will be considered in inverse order.

In holding the Jones Act inapplicable Judge Ryan cited as authoritative Lau-ritzen v. Larsen, 345 U.S. 571, 73 S.Ct. 921, 97 L.Ed. 1254 and Koziol v. The Fylgia, 2 Cir., 230 F.2d 651, certiorari denied 352 U.S. 827, 77 S.Ct. 40, 1 L.Ed. 2d 49. We agree that these decisions are conclusive on this issue. Appellant’s attempt to distinguish them by reliance on earlier cases in this court which stressed the importance of the place of signing shipping articles is unsound. Although our earlier decisions were not expressly overruled by Lauritzen, the opinion in that case makes clear that the Supreme Court considers of relatively little weight the place where the seaman signs on. See Rankin v. Atlantic Maritime Co., D.C.S.D.N.Y., 117 F.Supp. 253. Also unsound is the argument that Lauritzen is distinguishable because libelant had a “sufficient national interest” to bring him “within the broad purview of the statutory law of the United States” by reason of the fact that between voyages he lived at a seaman’s club in New York City. His presence here was never more than transitory; he never entered the United States except as a seaman and could not legally remain ashore more than 29 days between voyages. As said in the Lauritzen opinion with respect to Larsen, 345 U.S. at page 587, 73 S.Ct. at page 930: “His presence in New York was transitory and created no such national interest in, or duty toward, him as to justify intervention of the law of one state on the shipboard of another.”

The appellant’s contention that Judge Ryan abused discretion in failing to retain jurisdiction of the suit is not supportable. His memorandum opinion shows that he rightly inferred that the remedy provided by Swedish law for seamen injured aboard a Swedish ship could be administered by the Swedish Consul in New York. The affidavit of the Swedish Consul General states that “an injured seaman has a full and complete right to compensation from the insurance fund * * * ” and that “his application therefor may be entertained by any consul or vice consul of Sweden «• * * and arrangements there made for the payment of such amount as the seaman may be entitled to under the laws of the Kingdom of Sweden.” Thus it is immaterial that Berendson could not, as he asserts, enter Sweden to prosecute a civil action there because he lacks a valid passport from Estonia and cannot obtain one. The Flatero v. Arias, 4 Cir., 206 F.2d 267 is plainly distinguishable. We see no basis whatever for holding that the district court abused discretion in declining to retain jurisdiction.

Judgment affirmed.

. Timely notice of appeal was filed on Tie-comber 33, 1956. Why the appeal has taken 35 months to be reached for argument does not appear.

. See Judge Parker’s discussion at page 270.