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J. G. Brill Company vs. Norton and Taunton Street Railway Company

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court1905-11-27
189 Mass. 431

Summary

Holding. The court overruled Brill's exceptions and affirmed the judgment against it, holding that a corporation is not liable on accommodation indorsements and that a holder taking notes with knowledge of their accommodation character cannot recover against the accommodating party.

J. G. Brill Company sued to enforce promissory notes indorsed by the Mansfield and Easton Street Railway Company. Brill had obtained the original notes from the Bibber-White Company in payment of a debt owed by Bibber-White. When Brill took the notes bearing the railroad company's indorsement, it was charged with knowledge that the indorsement was an accommodation indorsement—meaning the railroad company was not primarily liable on the notes. Under settled law, a corporation cannot be held liable on accommodation indorsements, even if authorized by directors and stockholders. A holder taking a note with knowledge of its accommodation character cannot enforce it against the accommodating party.

Brill argued that even if the railroad's indorsements were invalid, the cancellation of earlier notes constituted valid consideration for the new ones. The court rejected this argument, finding that Brill failed to present evidence showing the renewal notes were given specifically to secure cancellation of the prior notes independent of their validity. Because Brill took the notes with notice they were accommodation indorsements and made no showing of alternative consideration, the court found no evidence supporting recovery.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a corporation can be held liable on accommodation indorsements
  • Whether a holder with knowledge of an accommodation indorsement can enforce it
  • Whether cancellation of prior notes provides consideration independent of the validity of indorsements

Procedural posture

The plaintiff brought an action to enforce promissory notes indorsed by the defendant railroad company, and exceptions to the trial court's rulings were overruled on appeal.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Loring, J.

[After the foregoing statement of the case.] It is settled by Usher v. Raymond Skate Co. 163 Mass. 1, and the cases there cited, that a corporation is not liable on an accommodation indorsement in the hands of one who takes with knowledge of that fact. Such an indorsement is ultra vires. That means that the corporation would not be liable on it even if it had been authorized by all the directors and the majority of the stockholders. Nevertheless, when a person takes a negotiable note before maturity signed by a corporation in due course of business from one who apparently has received it for a debt due from the corporation, the defence that it is in fact an accommodation note cannot be set up. Such were the cases relied on by the plaintiff in its argument here. Monument National Bank v. Globe Works, 101 Mass. 75. Merchants’ National Bank v. Citizens’ Gas Light Co. 159 Mass. 505. The same is true of Craft v. South Boston Railroad, 150 Mass. 207, which the plaintiff seeks to distinguish. There the note was made by the corporation and was made payable to the plaintiff. But a payee may be a bona fide purchaser in due course of a note payable to himself. Boston Steel & Iron Co. v. Steuer, 183 Mass. 140.

If the note sued on in such a case is signed by the treasurer and there is no evidence of actual authority, the implied authority of a treasurer to sign notes has to be considered. But in the case at bar where by the terms of the note and the fact that it is taken by the plaintiff for a debt due not from one to whom it appears to have been negotiated but from one for whose accommodation it appears to have been indorsed, no such question arises. For it is settled that where a note is taken from the payee, in payment of a debt due from him, indorsed by a third person, the indorsement is prima facie an accommodation indorsement, and the person who _ takes it is chargeable with knowledge that the indorsement is an accommodation indorsement. National Bank of Commonwealth v. Law, 127 Mass. 72. See also Harrington v. Baker, 173 Mass. 488.

In the case at bar the plaintiff having taken the original notes for $3,750 each from the Bibber-White Company for a debt due from that company, the indorsement of the Mansfield and Easton Street Railway Company, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, was an accommodation indorsement, and the plaintiff was chargeable with knowledge of that fact. The plaintiff left the case there and did not show, as was shown in Beacon Trust Co. v. Souther, 183 Mass. 413, that as between the Bibber-White Company and the Mansfield and Easton Railway Company those notes were in fact the obligations of the railway company given for a debt due from it.

The plaintiff has argued that the cancellation of the previous notes is a good consideration even if the indorsements of the Mansfield and Easton company were void. Assuming without deciding that this might be so, if it were shown that the renewal notes were in fact given to secure the cancellation of the previous notes without regard to their validity, the answer here is that no such case was in fact made out, or attempted to be made out, at the trial.

For these reasons none of the rulings requested should have been given.

As there was no evidence on which a finding could be made in favor of the plaintiff, it is not necessary to go further.

Exceptions overruled.