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Jacob L. Bailey vs. Samuel J. Edmundson

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court1897-05-19
168 Mass. 297

Summary

Holding. The judgment of the Superior Court was affirmed because the court possessed statutory authority to enter judgment upon default on the first Monday of the month under its adopted rule, and this authority did not require the four-day waiting period to have elapsed.

Bailey was defaulted in the Superior Court on November 27, 1895, and judgment was entered on December 2, 1895. Bailey challenged whether the judgment was improperly entered before four days had elapsed following the default, arguing that only two business days (excluding the Thanksgiving holiday and Sunday) separated the default from judgment entry. The court examined the statutory framework governing default judgments, noting that following the abolition of court terms in 1885, judgment after default could be entered as of course by the clerk once four days had passed, but courts could also adopt general rules permitting entry of judgment on specific dates without waiting for the four-day period. The Superior Court had adopted a rule allowing judgment entry on the first Monday of each month in actions ripe for judgment. Under this authority, the court could lawfully enter judgment on December 2 (the first Monday of December), regardless of whether four days had technically elapsed since the default.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether judgment was properly entered fewer than four days after a default
  • How to calculate the four-day period excluding legal holidays and Sundays
  • Authority of courts to establish general rules permitting judgment entry on fixed dates

Procedural posture

Bailey appealed from a Superior Court judgment entered on default, and the single justice affirmed before the case proceeded to the full court.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

Field, C. J.

The defendant in error pleaded in nullo est erratum. The case was heard by a single justice of this court, who affirmed the judgment of the Superior Court, and the defendant in error appealed to the full court. But on filing the plea, the case should immediately have been transferred to the full court, as the plea raises only issues of law. Pub. Sts. e. 150, § 7. Tufts v. Newton, 119 Mass. 476.

The error assigned is that the judgment of the Superior Court was rendered upon the default of the original defendant, now the plaintiff in error, within four legal days after the default. It appears from the record that the original defendant was defaulted in the Superior Court on November 27,1895, and the court assessed the damages, as we infer, on that day. The judgment was entered on December 2, 1895. November 27 was Wednesday, the next day was Thursday, which was Thanksgiving day, a legal holiday; November 29 was Friday, November 80, Saturday, December 1, Sunday, and December 2, Monday. If Thanksgiving day and Sunday are not counted, excluding the day of the default there were but two days from the day of the default before December 2; if Thanksgiving day and Sunday are counted, there were four days from the day of the default before December 2. See Pub. Sts. c. 160, § 4.

Pub. Sts. c. 171, § 1, is as follows: “ Every judgment shall be entered as of the last day of the term in which it is rendered, unless there is an express order of the court for the entry thereof on some other day; in which case, the day shall be noted by the clerk on his docket. The court may enter up judgment upon default at any time after four days from t-lie day of the default.” We assume that in reckoning the four days under this section of the statute neither Sunday nor Thanksgiving day was to be counted. But under this section of the statutes judgment was entered upon default as of the last day of the term, by a general order of the court, whether four days from the day of the default had elapsed or not. It was only when judgment upon default was entered in term, and before the last day of the term, that four days must elapse after the default before the judgment could be entered. See Pub. Sts. c. 167, §§ 45-47; Herring v. Polley, 8 Mass. 113; Portland Bank v. Maine Bank, 11 Mass. 204; Coolidge v. Cary, 14 Mass. 115.

By St. 1885, c. 384, § 2, terms in the Supreme Judicial Court and in the Superior Court were abolished, and business may be transacted at any time. Section 11 is as follows: “At any time after a default has been entered against the defendant in an action at law in either of the courts, the plaintiff may after four days have judgment entered as of course by the clerk, without any further order.”

Section 12 is as follows: “ The courts respectively may make general rules authorizing or directing, in such manner and subject to such provisions as they may think proper, the entry of judgment by the clerk without any further order in all or any of the cases in which judgment may, according to the present practice, be entered under a general order or at the end of a term as of course.”

The 27th Common Law Rule of the Superior Court is as follows: “On the first Monday of every month judgment may be entered, in all actions ripe for judgment, under a general order of the court; and the court, or any justice, may at other times order judgment to be entered in any action.” Under this rule the Superior Court could, by a general or special order, cause judgment after default to be entered in the original suit in this case on the first Monday of December, 1895.

The brief of the defendant in error states that on January 17, 1887, the Superior Court passed the following order: “ Middlesex, ss. Ordered, that judgment be entered on the first Monday of every month, and on the next day thereafter when said Monday is a legal holiday, in all actions pending in said court which are then ripe for judgment, unless the party entitled thereto otherwise requests in writing.” See Dudley v. Keith, 153 Mass. 104; Norcross v. Crabtree, 161 Mass. 55; Hosmer v. Hoitt, 161 Mass. 173.

Although this order is not before us on the record, still we might require it to be certified to us if we deemed it necessary. It is enough, however, that it appears from what is properly before us that it was within the power of the Superior Court to enter the judgment which was entered in the original suit on the first Monday of December, 1895. No error appears, and the original judgment must be affirmed, with costs, and interest at the rate of six per cent a year upon the amount recovered by the judgment. Pub. Sts. c. 187, § 7.

So ordered.