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The State of Kansas v. Anderson Small

Kansas Supreme Court1881-07
26 Kan. 209

Summary

Holding. The conviction is affirmed. The statute criminalizes embezzlement of all classes of personal property by bailees, including geldings, and does not require the information to allege or prove the animal's value.

Anderson Small was convicted of embezzling a gelding (a castrated horse) that had been delivered to him as a bailee. He was sentenced to three years in the state penitentiary under a Kansas statute making it larceny for a bailee to convert property in his possession to his own use. Small argued that the charge was defective because a gelding cannot be the subject of embezzlement and because the information failed to state the animal's value.

The court rejected both arguments, finding that the statute's broad language—covering "any money, goods, rights in action, property or valuable security, or other effects"—encompasses all personal property, including livestock. The court also held that stating the value of a horse or gelding is not required in larceny informations, just as it is not required in embezzlement prosecutions. Small additionally challenged the trial court's exclusion of evidence from a witness and its rejection of proposed jury instructions, but the court found no material error in these rulings. The evidence showed that Small received the gelding in Sedgwick County as a bailee, refused to return it, falsely claimed it had strayed, and later traded it away in another county—conduct the court determined constituted the offense in the county where he was tried.

Summary generated by law.co from the public-domain opinion. The opinion text itself is public domain.

Key issues

  • Whether a gelding qualifies as property subject to embezzlement under the bailee statute
  • Whether the value of the animal must be alleged or proved in an embezzlement information
  • Whether venue properly lies in the county where the property was received and initially held by the bailee, rather than where it was later removed and converted
  • Whether exclusion of evidence regarding a conversation with the prosecuting witness constituted trial error

Procedural posture

The defendant was tried and convicted in the Sedgwick County District Court at its May term in 1881 and appealed the judgment.

Authorities cited

No cited authorities resolved to law.co cases yet.

Opinion

majority opinion

The opinion of the court was delivered by

Horton, C. J.:

At the May term, 1881, of the district court of Sedgwick county, the defendant was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to the state penitentiary for the term of three years. The statute under which this prosecution was had is § 90, eh. 31, Comp. Laws of 1879, which reads:

“ If any carrier or other bailee shall embezzle or convert to his own use, or make way with or secrete with intent to embezzle or convert to his own use, any money, goods, rights in action, property or valuable security, or other effects, which shall have been delivered to him or shall have come into his possession or under his care as such bailee, although he shall not break any trunk, package, box, or other thing in which he received them, he shall upon conviction be adjudged guilty of larceny, and punished in the manner prescribed by law for stealing property of the nature or value of the article so embezzled, taken, or secreted.”

The information alleged the embezzlement of one gelding, the personal property of Joshua Eobinson. Counsel for appellant contends that the information does not state facts constituting a public offense — first, because a gelding is not the subject of embezzlement under the statute; second, because the value of the gelding is not set forth. Neither of these objections is well taken, as the words, “any money, goods, rights in action, property or valuable security, or other effects,” embrace all classes of personal property; and as the punishment prescribed by the statute is the same as for stealing property of the nature or value embezzled, and as it is not necessary in informations charging the larceny of a horse or a gelding to give the value thereof, it is not necessary to allege or prove the value in this prosecution.

It is further urged, that the court deprived the defendant of a fair and impartial trial in refusing to hear the evidence of one Isaac Chase, and in also refusing to permit the appellant’s counsel to state to the court what he desired to prove by the witness. From the record it appears that it was sought to introduce by Chase a conversation with Joshua Robinson, the prosecuting witness. As the proper basis was not first laid for the purpose of impeaching the credit of the prosecuting witness, the court committed no error in refusing to receive the testimony. It was unnecessary to listen to appellant’s counsel as to the evidence proposed to be offered by him, when the character of his questions showed the evidence inadmissible.

It is further claimed that if any offense was committed by the appellant, the commission was in Sumner, not Sedgwick county. It appears however from the .evidence, that the property was placed in the possession of the appellant in Sedgwick county, and it was for a time under his care as bailee in that county. He refused, according to the evidence offered by the prosecution, to return the property to the party entitled to possession of it, in the county where he received it, and falsely represented that the animal had strayed away from him. The fact that while acting as bailee, he fraudulently removed the property to Sumner county, and there traded it off, does not defeat the prosecution of the action in Sedgwick county. In fact, according to the evidence of the prosecution, the offense was committed in the county inwhich the appellant was tried.

Exceptions are also taken to the refusal of the instructions asked for by appellant, but as the court included in its general charge sufficient of these to fully inform the jury of the law applicable to the case, no material error was committed.

Other errors are alleged, but the matters therein referred to are so unimportant that we do not think it necessary to make any comments thereon, especially in view of the fact that the briefs in many instances fail to refer specifically to the pages of the record which counsel desire to have examined.

The judgment of the district court will be affirmed.

All the Justices concurring.